“…18,29,30,38,39,50 Successful simulation programs have been reported to aid neurosurgical training in ventriculostomy placement, brain tumor resection, pedicle screw placement, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, and otologic skull base procedures. 4,5,7,31,42,73,75,76,83 Many of these programs have included virtual reality simulators. 2,4,15,16,35,45,66,84 These simulation programs can be improved significantly by game-based simulation training including scoring and timed challenges.…”