Mixed Reality Intraoperative Navigation in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery

Abstract

The first complication was flap epidermolysis on one side. This was the first case to undergo surgery, and was possibly caused by technical error in flap dissection. It was managed conservatively. The other complication was wound dehiscence caused by frequent asthmatic attack and respiratory tract infection. This case was managed conservatively with satisfactory healing.The paraphiltral flap has many advantages, such as reliable blood supply, ability to reconstruct the whole length and depth of the columella, closure of the donor site primarily, preservation of aesthetic units of the upper lip, asymmetry of both nares, and closure of the donor sites closed along the philtral line. Inclusion of the orbicularis oris muscle in the flap helps to augment the blood supply and to add bulkiness to the flap without the need for additional cartilage graft. Although cartilage graft was not used, the flap has the ability to host a cartilage graft. Last but not least, the donor area can be reused again.

Automated segmentation of head CT scans for computer-assisted craniomaxillofacial surgery applying a hierarchical patch-based stack of convolutional neural networks

“…While precise segmentation of bone (mandible and viscerocranium/skull base) represents the outset for virtual planning in most cases, segmenting further soft and hard tissue structures provides valuable additional information for computer-assisted planning and surgery. Mapping of critical structures like nerves and vessels for instance can provide valuable intraoperative information to the surgeon [ 35 ] . In reconstruction of complex defects of the orbit, 3D-data including nerves and oculomotor muscles can provide additional information for construction of patient specific implants (PSI) and for accurate placement of such implants [ 36 ].…”

Metaverse, AR, machine learning & AI in Orthopaedics?

“…Such mixed reality has been tried more recently in advanced liver surgery such as liver transplantation 7 as well as craniomaxillofacial surgery. 8 Finally, AR technology is being used to remotely consult with other medical professionals. Using the HoloLens 2, doctors can remotely view and discuss images of a patient's condition with specialists in real-time, regardless of their location.…”

“…Such mixed reality has been tried more recently in advanced liver surgery such as liver transplantation 7 as well as craniomaxillofacial surgery. 8…”

Three-Dimensional Virtual and Printed Prototypes in Complex Congenital and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery—A Multidisciplinary Team-Learning Experience

“…Applications allow free maneuverability, free magnification, the possibility of virtual tours inside the cardiac chambers and segments as a shared 3D team experience. Superimposed holograms on intraoperative scenarios are currently introduced as surgical decision making and adjuvant tool in several surgical disciplines [71]. Provided that computational strength increases in future versions, higherresolution cardiac-cycle models could be imported into the virtual/mixed reality from dynamic imaging sources, e.g., 3D echocardiography, structure and function will conjoin [45].…”