Mixed Populations and Co-Infection: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

Camus, Laura; Briaud, Paul; Vandenesch, François; Doléans-Jordheim, Anne; Moreau, Karen

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_15

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…A compelling argument for Staphylococcus aureus's association with PEx is its reputation for promoting pathogenic genes. Studies have shown Staphylococcus aureus to promote genes associated with persistence during chronic infection and antimicrobial resistance during antibiotic treatment (39,42) aureus has also displayed participation in certain adapted bacterial community interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (43,44), which have been strongly correlated with chronic respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using metabolic potential within the airway microbiome as predictors of clinical state in persons with cystic fibrosis

Shumyatsky

Burrell²,

Chaney³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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IntroductionPulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) are primarily related to acute or chronic inflammation associated with bacterial lung infections, which may be caused by several bacteria that activate similar bacterial genes and produce similar by-products. The goal of our study was to perform a stratified functional analysis of bacterial genes at three distinct time points in the treatment of a PEx in order to determine the role that specific airway microbiome community members may play within each clinical state (i.e., PEx, end of antibiotic treatment, and follow-up). Our secondary goal was to compare the change between clinical states with the metabolic activity of specific airway microbiome community members.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of persons with CF treated with intravenous antibiotics for PEx between 2016 and 2020 at Children’s National Hospital. Demographic and clinical information as well as respiratory samples were collected at hospital admission for PEx, end of antibiotic treatment, and follow-up. Metagenomic sequencing was performed; MetaPhlAn3 and HUMANn3 were used to assign sequences to bacterial species and bacterial metabolic genes, respectively.ResultsTwenty-two persons with CF, with a mean age of 14.5 (range 7–23) years, experienced 45 PEx during the study period. Two-hundred twenty-one bacterial species were identified in the respiratory samples from the study cohort. Ten bacterial species had differential gene abundance across changes in the clinical state including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, and Veillonella atypica (all padj < 0.01 and log2FoldChange > |2|). These corresponded to a differential abundance of bacterial genes, with S. aureus accounting for 81% of the genes more abundant in PEx and S. salivarius accounting for 83% of the genes more abundant in follow-up, all compared to the end of treatment. Lastly, 8,653 metabolic pathways were identified across samples, with again S. aureus and S. salivarius contributing to the differential abundance of pathways (106 in PEx vs. 66 in follow-up, respectively). V. atypica was associated with a single metabolic pathway (UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biosynthesis) increased in follow-up compared to PEx.DiscussionTaken together, these data suggest that the metabolic potential of bacterial species can provide more insight into changes across clinical states than the relative abundance of the bacteria alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using metabolic potential within the airway microbiome as predictors of clinical state in persons with cystic fibrosis

Shumyatsky

Burrell²,

Chaney³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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“…By contrast, other work has shown that S. aureus has persistence capabilities similar to P. aeruginosa and patients with high S. aureus density in throat cultures exhibit rapid lung function decline [8]. To date, no consensus has been reached in the literature regarding the significance of S. aureus in the presence or absence of P. aeruginosa, and recent reviews highlight the need to investigate clinical isolates further [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aureus in the presence or absence of P. aeruginosa , and recent reviews highlight the need to investigate clinical isolates further [9, 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of key genotypic and phenotypic traits of clinical cystic fibrosis Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Mossop

Robinson

Jiang

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. One third of people with CF in the UK are co-infected by both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Chronic bacterial infection in CF contributes to the gradual destruction of lung tissue, and eventually respiratory failure in this group. Gap Statement. The contribution of S. aureus to cystic fibrosis (CF) lung decline in the presence or absence of P. aeruginosa is unclear. Defining the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of a range of S. aureus clinical isolates will help further understand its pathogenic capabilities. Aim. Our objective was to use molecular and phenotypic tools to characterise twenty-five clinical S. aureus isolates collected from mono- and coinfection with P. aeruginosa from people with CF at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne. Methodology. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced. Multilocus sequence typing was used to construct phylogeny from the seven housekeeping genes. A pangenome was calculated using Roary, and cluster of Orthologous groups were assigned using eggNOG-mapper which were used to determine differences within core, accessory, and unique genomes. Characterisation of sequence type, clonal complex, agr and spa types was carried out using PubMLST, eBURST, AgrVATE and spaTyper, respectively. Antibiotic resistance was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion tests. Phenotypic testing of haemolysis was carried out using ovine red blood cell agar plates and mucoid phenotypes visualised using Congo red agar. Results. Clinical strains clustered closely based on agr type, sequence type and clonal complex. COG analysis revealed statistically significant enrichment of COG families between core, accessory and unique pangenome groups. The unique genome was significantly enriched for replication, recombination and repair, and defence mechanisms. The presence of known virulence genes and toxins were high within this group, and unique genes were identified in 11 strains. Strains which were isolated from the same patient all surpassed average nucleotide identity thresholds, however, differed in phenotypic traits. Antimicrobial resistance to macrolides was significantly higher in the coinfection group. Conclusion. There is huge variation in genetic and phenotypic capabilities of S. aureus strains. Further studies on how these may differ in relation to other species in the CF lung may give insight into inter-species interactions.

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“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic pathogens that colonize the skin, eyes, and lungs, where they can contribute to the development of a range of illnesses ( Lyczak et al., 2000 ; Howden et al., 2023 ). While a single species can dominate during infection, co-infections have been associated with worse patient outcomes ( Camus et al., 2022 ). In particular, the two species commonly coinfect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients ( Salsgiver et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The great divide: rhamnolipids mediate separation between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus

Bru,

Kasallis,

Chang

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The interactions between bacterial species during infection can have significant impacts on pathogenesis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can co-infect hosts and cause serious illness. The factors that dictate whether one species outcompetes the other or whether the two species coexist are not fully understood. We investigated the role of surfactants in the interactions between these two species on a surface that enables P. aeruginosa to swarm. We found that P. aeruginosa swarms are repelled by colonies of clinical S. aureus isolates, creating physical separation between the two strains. This effect was abolished in mutants of S. aureus that were defective in the production of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), which form amyloid fibrils around wild-type S. aureus colonies. We investigated the mechanism that establishes physical separation between the two species using Imaging of Reflected Illuminated Structures (IRIS), which is a non-invasive imaging method that tracks the flow of surfactants produced by P. aeruginosa. We found that PSMs produced by S. aureus deflected the surfactant flow, which in turn, altered the direction of P. aeruginosa swarms. These findings show that rhamnolipids mediate physical separation between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, which could facilitate coexistence between these species. Additionally, we found that a number of molecules repelled P. aeruginosa swarms, consistent with a surfactant deflection mechanism. These include Bacillus subtilis surfactant, the fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid, and the synthetic lubricant polydimethylsiloxane. Lung surfactant repelled P. aeruginosa swarms and inhibited swarm expansion altogether at higher concentration. Our results suggest that surfactant interactions could have major impacts on bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host relationships. In addition, our findings uncover a mechanism responsible for P. aeruginosa swarm development that does not rely solely on sensing but instead is based on the flow of surfactant.

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Mixed Populations and Co-Infection: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 12 publications

References 153 publications

Using metabolic potential within the airway microbiome as predictors of clinical state in persons with cystic fibrosis

Using metabolic potential within the airway microbiome as predictors of clinical state in persons with cystic fibrosis

Characterisation of key genotypic and phenotypic traits of clinical cystic fibrosis Staphylococcus aureus isolates

The great divide: rhamnolipids mediate separation between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus

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