Mixed Polybrominated/chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Stack Gas Emissions from Industrial Thermal Processes

Abstract

Very little is known about mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBCDD/F) in industrial thermal processes. In this study, the occurrences and characteristics of PBCDD/F from various incineration and metallurgical processes were investigated. In addition, PBCDD/F analytical protocols based on HRGC/HRMS were developed and optimized. The sum of isomer group concentrations ranged from 1.7-3740 pmol Nm -3 for PBCDF and 0.2-582 pmol Nm -3 for PBCDD. For some metallurgical industries, the amounts of PBDD/F and PBCDD/F emitted were similar to or even higher than the amounts of PCDD/F. The sources of bromine and brominated-precursors in these processes should be evaluated. The PBCDD/F characteristics investigated included isomer group patterns, ratio of bromine and chlorine incorporated in PBCDD/F, and ratio of halogenated furans to dioxins. Lower brominated PBCDD/F were binomially distributed. But in some cases, the concentrations of higher brominated PBCDD/F were much higher than predicted from the binomial distribution. The formation mechanisms of PBDD/F, PBCDD/ F, and PCDD/F in these processes were also evaluated.

Identification of Monochloro-Nonabromodiphenyl Ethers in the Air and Soil Samples from South China

“…It should be noted that PXDD/DFs have a far larger group of substances compared with PCDD/DFs and PBDD/DFs. 20,27 Furthermore, PXDD/DFs have similar and, for some congeners, possibly greater toxicity than PCDD/DFs and PBDD/DFs.…”

Insights into the emission reductions of multiple unintentional persistent organic pollutants from industrial activities

“…For example, in China, coke production in 2007 was have been identified in industrial emissions include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz), pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs), mixed polybrominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PXDD/Fs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs), and brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs) (Buser et al, 1991;Akimoto et al, 1997;Yang et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2005;Horii et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009Liu et al, , 2010Du et al, 2010). The structures of several of these POPs are shown in Fig.…”

Catalytic oxidation of benzene over MnO x /TiO 2 catalysts and the mechanism study

“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial process and transportation activities are harmful to the atmosphere and human health [1][2][3]. Among the strategies explored for VOCs removal, catalytic oxidation is regarded as the most promising pathway to reduce VOCs emissions due to its advantages of high efficiency, low temperature, and high selectivity to harmless products [4,5].…”