Mixed organic waste composting using rotary drum composter

Kalamdhad, Ajay S.; Kazmi, A.A.

doi:10.1504/ijewm.2008.016989

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The reduction in drum was calculated to 80% and 72% in windrow pile, as compared to 86%, observed in the study conducted by Kalamdhad and Kazmi [2].…”

Section: Ammonical Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Microbial diversity during Rotary Drum and Windrow Pile composting

Bhatia

Ali

Sahoo

et al. 2011

J. Basic Microbiol.

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This study investigates the prevailing microbial communities during the composting of vegetable waste, cattle manure and saw dust, in a household (250 l) batch scale Rotary Drum composter and Windrow Pile. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed to study the organic matter transformations. Total organic matter reduced from 63.8% to 36.2% in rotary drum and 39.6% in windrow pile composting. The C/N ratio decreased from 26.52 to 8.89 and 14.33 in rotary drum and windrow pile composting. The indigenous population of total heterotrophic bacteria decreased in rotary drum and windrow pile composting after 20 days. However, total fungal load initially increased within initial 4 days, then subsequently reduced in final composts. The average number of fecal coliforms and fecal Streptococci showed decrement with time, in both composting systems. Escherichia coli and Salmonella species number deduced during the study. Composting cycle started with Gram positive rods but ended up with the dominance of Gram negative bacilli shaped bacteria. Transformation of organic compounds during the biodegradation of organic waste, difference in the utilization of nutrients (organic matter) by the different group of microbes and high temperature could be cited as a possible reason of the above changes. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to obtain the surface structures of the cultured mycoflora. Results of the study revealed that higher diversity of microbes prevailed in rotary drum as compared to windrow pile, yielding more stable and pathogenic free compost in lesser period of composting.

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“…The reduction in drum was calculated to 80% and 72% in windrow pile, as compared to 86%, observed in the study conducted by Kalamdhad and Kazmi [2].…”

Section: Ammonical Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In warm, moist environments with ample amount of oxygen and organic material available, aerobic microbes flourish and decompose the waste at a quicker pace. Rotary drum of appropriate capacity can be placed at the site of organic waste generation [2]. Windrow pile composting is the most common and largely used method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity during Rotary Drum and Windrow Pile composting

Bhatia

Ali

Sahoo

et al. 2011

J. Basic Microbiol.

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“…After 14 to 17 days of composting, all prototypes mixtures showed a decrease in temperature, which may be associated with moisture loss, because all cases showed an evident temperature increase watering. Temperature variability could be associated with changes in moisture (excess or deficit) during the composting process or to excess of mixing or leachate accumulation [12,30]; for example, Kalamdhad & Kazmi [11] did not observe leachate generation during composting on home composters with similar characteristic to the ATC prototype evaluated in this work. Particularly, when small waste batches are composted, moisture loss is expected; furthermore, high summer temperatures characteristic of Argentinean Patagonia xeric climate, made irrigation a critical aspect to the composting process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Relevant composting process parameters like temperature profile, thermophilic period extension and C/N ratio, are highly variable in decentralised composting literature, and this variability is related to composter loading frequency and feedstock composition [8][9][10][11][12]. Considering these conditions, decentralised composting feasibility must be evaluated for each particular scenario and, in particular, composter design becomes a central issue in this context.…”

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confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Performance Evaluation of Different Low-Tech Composter Prototypes

Arrigoni¹,

Paladino²,

Laos³

2015

IJEP

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Abstract-Decentralized composting has become a powerful option for municipal organic waste management. This technology, not only is an effective tool to treat organic waste, producing compost as a valuable by-product, but also represents an innovative way to involve waste generators in treatment operations. Decentralized composting contributes to reducing waste transportation, treatment costs and landfilling volumes thus resulting in a positive impact on municipal waste management programs. In this work, three lowtech composter prototypes were designed and built using discarded metallic oil drums and recycled plastic materials. The composting experience was carried out at an oilfield, using food waste from a catering service for 65 people. Temperature was used as the main indicator of the composting process, and final product quality was characterized through the following variables: total nitrogen, total phosphorous, extractable phosphorous, pH, organic matter and electrical conductivity. Results confirm the effectiveness of this composting technology for organic waste treatment: thermophilic temperatures were reached in all prototypes, and final products obtained from all composters showed high nutrient and organic matter contents, but also high pH and electrical conductivity values, which frequently appear in decentralized composting product; however, obtained values are still adequate for agronomic applications. Nevertheless, some significant differences were found for these variables among the prototypes, possibly related to design characteristics. Finally, composters construction could be optimised by recycling other waste, as shown in this experience (metallic drums, high density polyethylene and accessories), in order to improve the strategies for decentralised composting.

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“…They are also used in homogenization of powders, and in different drying processes (Porter et al, 1973). Besides traditional drum applications, novel applications can be found as bioreactors or organic waste composters (Kalamdhad and Kazmi, 2008;Alam et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Machine Vision Based Image Analysis Method for the Analysis of Mixing Elements in Rotary Drums

Koiranen

Melanen

Ilonen

et al. 2017

Chemical Engineering Communications

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Mixing performance in continuous rotary drums has been studied. The video analysis method was developed to evaluate different configurations of straight lifters in the rotary drum. The method converts a captured video into a single image, called stack image. The color marker tracking was estimated based on the color saturation of the stack image. Coefficients of variation and mixing indices were calculated from the color saturation profiles for different straight blade lifter configurations. The video analysis method was confronted to the impulse response of acid concentrations in water solutions. The developed analysis method has been superior with viscous fluids compared to traditional tracer impulse method in mixing evaluations. Water and 1% CMC-water solution were used in this mixing study for covering broadly different viscous materials. The drum lengthwise results for one lifter configuration were obtained from a single experiment due to the block representation of the image analysis method. It enables mixing analysis of axial segments and interaction analysis of mixer configurations. Thus, the axial mixing can be studied in more detail with rotary drums. The increase of lifters, residence time, and tip speed improved axial mixing in the studied experimental setup.

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Mixed organic waste composting using rotary drum composter

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Microbial diversity during Rotary Drum and Windrow Pile composting

Microbial diversity during Rotary Drum and Windrow Pile composting

Feasibility and Performance Evaluation of Different Low-Tech Composter Prototypes

A Novel Machine Vision Based Image Analysis Method for the Analysis of Mixing Elements in Rotary Drums

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