Mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder: a case report

Ishikawa, Tatsuki; Nakano, Katsunori; Osaka, Masafumi; Aratani, Kenichi; Kadotani, Yayoi; Akioka, Kiyokazu; Tsuchiya, Kuniyuki; Hosokawa, Yohei

doi:10.1186/s40792-021-01152-4

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Specific management and treatment guidelines have not been established since MiNENs are very rare. It is highly invasive regardless of the size of the tumor ( 10 ). Such lesions can occur in any organ originating from the primitive intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Response With Immunotherapy in a Patient With Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder

et al. 2021

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BackgroundPrimary neuroendocrine tumors of the gallbladder (GB-NETs) are rare, accounting for 2% of all gallbladder cancers. Among GB-NETs, mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder (GB-MiNENs) are sporadic.Case PresentationA 56-year-old woman admitted to our hospital due to right upper abdominal pain of 3 days duration. She underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography, which showed multiple metastatic tumors and was unsuitable for operation. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. She underwent PD-1 inhibitor or combined with chemotherapy considering the PD-L1 high positive score. In the latter, the patient has the opportunity of surgery, and the new diagnosis was MiNENs. She achieved long-term disease control and has been alive from the first diagnosis.ConclusionThis case might support the strategy that PD-1 inhibitor could provide a feasible treatment option for MiNENs of gallbladder patients with the positive expression of PD-L1 in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Response With Immunotherapy in a Patient With Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder

et al. 2021

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“…MiNENs of the gallbladder and biliary tract account for 10% of all biliary carcinomas and 2% of all hepatobiliary carcinomas[ 110 , 111 ]. Although considered rare, adenocarcinoma is detected in approximately 30% of NENs, particularly in the gallbladder, and these tumors constitute 35% of NENs in this region, thus indicating that they are more frequent than previously described[ 79 , 110 ].…”

Section: Organ-specific Clinicopathological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed neuroendocrine–nonneuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system: An update

Elpek¹

2022

WJG

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Mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the digestive tract are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors that present many challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Over the years, the diagnostic criteria, classification, and clinical behavior of these tumors have been the subjects of ongoing debate, and the various changes in their nomenclature have strengthened the challenges associated with MiNENs. This review is performed to provide an understanding of the key factors involved in the evolution of the designation of these tumors as MiNEN, highlight the current diagnostic criteria, summarize the latest data on pathogenesis and provide information on available treatments. Moreover, this work seeks to increase the awareness about these rare neoplasms by presenting the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors that play important roles in their behavior and discussing their different regions of origin in the gastrointestinal system (GIS). Currently, the MiNEN category also includes tumors in the GIS with a nonneuroendocrine component and epithelial tumors other than adenocarcinoma, depending on the organ of origin. Diagnosis is based on the presence of both morphological components in more than 30% of the tumor. However, this value needs to be reconfirmed with further studies and may be a limiting factor in the diagnosis of MiNEN by biopsy. Furthermore, available clinicopathological data suggest that the inclusion of amphicrine tumors in the definition of MiNEN is not supportive and warrants further investigation. The diagnosis of these tumors is not solely based on immunohistochemical findings. They are not hybrid tumors and both components can act independently; thus, careful grading of each component separately is required. In addition to parameters such as the metastatic state of the tumor at the time of diagnosis and the feasibility of surgical resection, the aggressive potential of both components has paramount importance in the choice of treatment. Regardless of the organ of origin within the GIS, almost MiNENs are tumors with poor prognosis and are frequently encountered in the elderly and men. They are most frequently reported in the colorectum, where data from molecular studies indicate a monoclonal origin; however, further studies are required to provide additional support for this origin.

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Clinical features and outcomes analysis of Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

Jiang,

Zhang

2023

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

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Purpose: Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is an uncommon and highly malignant tumor. This research aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of GB-NEC. Materials and Methods: Our survey of case reports from January 2000 to May 2022 screened a total of 84 patients with complete data who received surgical resection for gallbladder NEC. Log-rank generated survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method for univariate survival analysis. To identify GB-NEC independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (OS), univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted. Results: These patients consisted of 25 men and 59 women, with an average age of 60 (range 29–85). Patients under 60 years old made up 44% of the population, while patients over 60 made up 56%. Fifty-three tumors were advanced pathologic TNM stage III and IV. After surgery, 44 patients underwent chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The median OS of 84 patients with GB-NEC was 16.8 months. In univariate and multivariate analysis, tumor size (diameter ≥5 cm), TNM tumor stage, and the receipt of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy are independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with GB-NEC. Conclusion: Tumor size (diameter ≥5 cm) and TNM tumor stage were independently related to a shorter OS. An enhanced OS was independently linked to receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

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Mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder: a case report

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Case Report: Response With Immunotherapy in a Patient With Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder

Case Report: Response With Immunotherapy in a Patient With Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder

Mixed neuroendocrine–nonneuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system: An update

Clinical features and outcomes analysis of Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma

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