Mixed mode morphology in elastomeric blend nanocomposites: Effect on vulcanization, thermal stability and solvent permeability

Abstract

The localization of organically modified nanoclays in chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) and natural rubber (NR) blend system was carefully studied by following the vulcanization behaviour, morphology, thermal and solvent permeation characteristics. From the vulcanization studies, it was observed that incorporation of nanoclay platelets significantly affected the viscosity and vulcanization parameters such as cure time, scorch time, rate of cure and the degree of cure. Thermal analysis pointed out that the addition of nanoclay increased the thermal stability of the elastomer blends. The morphology of the blends indicated that the nanoclay platelets were localized at the interface and in both phases (mixed mode morphology) of elastomer blends and this affected the overall properties. The transport characteristics of NR/CIIR blend nanocomposites using toluene as the solvent were also studied. The transport parameters such as the equilibrium uptake, diffusion coefficient and the rate constant have been computed. The transport characteristics have been correlated with the microstructure of the blend nanocomposites. Finally, applied the Peppas–Sahlin model to fit the experimental diffusion data and the fitting was found to be reasonably good. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1659–E1668, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Walnut shell ash as a sustainable material for compounding with bromobutyl rubber for tire inner liner applications

“…[6] Halogenated butyl rubber improves covulcanization properties with unsaturated generalpurpose elastomers such as natural rubber, polybutadiene rubber, and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) while maintaining other properties of the mostly saturated backbone structure. [7][8][9] In contrast to chlorobutyl rubber/chloro IIR, bromobutyl has a higher degree of crosslinking reactivity based on its lower carbon-bromine bonding energy relative to carbonchlorine bonding in chlorobutyl rubber and, resulting in faster-curing compounds that can use a wider variety of vulcanization systems. As a result, bromobutyl has an even higher degree of co-curing compatibility with general purpose elastomers than chlorobutyl rubber.…”

Partial Replacement of Carbon Black with Graphene in Tire Compounds: Transport Properties, Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis

“…The Fickian contribution (diffusion) for the solvent transport is given by the first term on the right-hand side of Equation ( 14), whereas the second term indicates the relaxation contribution of polymer chains and m is the Fickian diffusion exponent. The literature shows that if k 1 > k 2 , then the transport mechanism is predominantly a diffusion-controlled one, and if k 1 < k 2 , then it is a matrix-controlled one, and, if k 1 = k 2 , then a combination of diffusion and matrix-controlled mechanisms is responsible for the transport of solvent through the matrix [55,61]. The Korsemeyer-Peppas model and the Peppas-Sahlin equation are applied to the entire sorption data, and the representative curves for compound 2 are shown in Figure 6a-c.…”

Application of rheology as a tool to estimate the mixing quality of elastomeric nanocomposites and comparing with small-angle X-ray scattering microstructural study

“…The capacity of mixing depends on the properties of pure polymeric materials such as surface tension and rheological properties, [28][29][30] particle properties such as structure, cohesion, shape, size and particle size distribution, 25,29,31,32 process conditions such as shear rate, temperature and mixing time, 28,[33][34][35][36] and the formulations of materials such as interfacial tension of filler and matrix, additives, coupling agents, particle surface modification operations and relative amount of used materials. 20,[37][38][39][40] In fact, increasing the rate of dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer substrate increases the available surface area of nanoparticles and the amount of polymer chains whose motion is slowed down by nanoparticles. 30 As a result, the properties of nanocomposites change by altering the mixing quality from both dispersion and distribution perspectives.…”

“…The capacity of mixing depends on the properties of pure polymeric materials such as surface tension and rheological properties, 28–30 particle properties such as structure, cohesion, shape, size and particle size distribution, 25,29,31,32 process conditions such as shear rate, temperature and mixing time, 28,33–36 and the formulations of materials such as interfacial tension of filler and matrix, additives, coupling agents, particle surface modification operations and relative amount of used materials. 20,37–40…”