“…For mode I, common testing methods mainly include short rod (SR), 7 chevron bend (CB), 7 cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD), 8 semi-circular bend (SCB), 9,10 and double torsion (DT), 11 in which first four kinds of methods had been suggested by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) to determine the mode I fracture toughness. For mode II, measuring methods mostly contain anti-symmetric four-point bending (ASFPB) (Figure 1A), 12,13 cracked straight-through Brazilian disc (CSTBD) (Figure 1B), 14,15 the double-edge notched Brazilian disk (DNBD) (Figure 1C), 16 semicircular bend (SCB) with inclined notch (Figure 1D), 17 U-notched Brazilian disc (UNBD) (Figure 1E), 18 shear box test (Figure 1F), 19 short beam in compression (SBC) (Figure 1G), 20,21 short core in compression (SCC) (Figure 1H), 21,22 and punch-through shear (PTS) (Figure 1I), 23 in which the last method had been suggested by the ISRM to determine the mode II fracture toughness. 3 The fracture toughness testing methods for mode III are less numerous than that for mode I and mode II, and mainly include cylinder torsion (CT), 24 split cantilever beam (SCB), 25 anti-clastic plate bending (ACPB), 26 and edge notched disc bend (ENDB).…”