Mixed Micellization, Thermodynamic and Adsorption Behavior of Tetracaine Hydrochloride in the Presence of Cationic Gemini/Conventional Surfactants

Abstract

In this approach, tensiometry and UV-visible techniques are used to determine the effect of cationic gemini and conventional surfactants on tetracaine hydrochloride (TCH), an anesthetic drug. We have estimated micellar, interfacial, and energetic constraints. To gain a deep understanding of their mixed association behavior, the outputs were examined using different theoretical models. The critical micelle concentration for single and mixed amphiphiles was estimated. The cmc values of mixed amphiphiles were found between the individual amphiphiles due to strong attractive interaction (synergism) between the components after mixing. The non-ideal behavior of mixtures was confirmed by the larger values of ideal cmc than the experimental cmc values. The negative values of interaction parameter (β) and values of activity coefficients less than unity indicate strong synergistic interaction between drug and surfactant. The stability of the mixed systems is demonstrated by the negative Gibbs free energy of micellization and excess free energy of micellization. In contrast to a single chain surfactant, a double chain surfactant (gemini) exhibits better interactions with the drug. Spectral measurements (UV-visible spectra) were used to monitor the binding of the drug with surfactant (conventional as well as gemini). Studying these mixed aggregates could help to optimize their compositions and find synergistic properties between TCH monomers and surfactants.

Molecular interaction of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory prodrug nepafenac with ionic surfactants

“…[11][12][13] The interactions of drug-micelles with biological membrane systems provide a better understanding of more complicated biological processes like the delivery of medicinal agents via cell membranes. [14][15][16] The interaction of drugs with biological tissues is an important and fundamental process because the mechanism of drug actions is associated with their binding to biological systems. 17 To understand the mechanism of drug-membrane interactions, it is pertinent to perform a comparative analysis of the drug interaction with cationic, zwitter ionic, anionic, and neutral surfactants.…”

“…All these characteristic properties of micellar systems make them a suitable candidate for drug delivery applications 11–13 . The interactions of drug‐micelles with biological membrane systems provide a better understanding of more complicated biological processes like the delivery of medicinal agents via cell membranes 14–16 . The interaction of drugs with biological tissues is an important and fundamental process because the mechanism of drug actions is associated with their binding to biological systems 17 …”

Solubilization of Reactive Red 2 in the Mixed Micelles of Cetylpyridinium Chloride and TX-114

“…These surfactants have attained the attention of researchers due to their numerous applications [5][6][7][8] in different fields. These surfactants have a very low CMC and a greater solubilization power as compared to the conventional surfactants [9,10].…”