Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts in Biodiesel Production

Lowe, Brandon; Gardy, Jabbar; Wu, Ke‐Jun; Hassanpour, Ali

doi:10.1002/9781119771364.ch8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The heterogeneous catalytic system promotes the advancement and efficiency of the transesterification process. This system is adopted for its cost-effectiveness, pollution reduction, large-scale applicability, and sustainability [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Metal oxide based nanocatalysts, such as single metal oxides, derivatives of transition metal oxides, supported alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides, doped heterogeneous catalysts, and mixed metal oxides are used in the conversion of triglycerides into biodiesel [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Metal Oxide‐based Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

et al. 2023

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The demand for renewable fuels has risen as a result of increasing human population, urbanization, industrialization, and transport systems. Biodiesel production using metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysts is an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach. Because of their recovery, reusability, and consistency, heterogeneous catalysts may be preferable to homogeneous catalysts. Since the last few decades, the metal oxides of alkali earth and transition metals and their composite materials have been used as nanocatalysts in the production of biodiesel fuel. Utilization of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) and their composite materials in producing biodiesel has gained increased attention because of their advanced physical and chemical characteristics. In this review, the applicability of metal oxides and their nanocomposite-based catalysts in biodiesel production, transesterification reactions with nanocatalytic systems, and the important parameters that affect these reactions are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Metal Oxide‐based Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…However, the higher the acidity of the feedstock, the lower the conversion efficiency [ 10 ]. To produce biodiesel in condensed phase, heterogeneous catalysis proposes the use of catalysts based on zeolites, alkaline earth oxides, carbonates, hydrotalcites, and super acid solids [ 11 , 12 ]. It has been observed that, in the presence of low molecular weight alkalis and alcohols, the transesterification reactions are relatively slow, among other reasons due to the presence of water and free fatty acids, although they are the most used given the accessibility and low cost of alcohol [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalysts Synthesized with Lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia on Glycol-Modified ZIF-8: Characterization and Utilization in the Synthesis of Green Biodiesel

et al. 2022

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This research presents results on the production of biodiesel from the transesterification of acylglycerides present in palm oil, using the biocatalysts ZIF-8-PCL and Gly@ZIF-8-PCL synthesized by immobilization of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase as catalytic materials and using pure ZIF-8 and Gly@ZIF-8 (modified ZIF-8) as supports. The Gly@ZIF-8 carbonaceous material was prepared by wet impregnation of ZIF-8 with ethylene glycol as the carbon source, and then thermally modified. The calcination conditions were 900 °C for two hours with a heating rate of 7 °C/min in an inert atmosphere. A textural characterization was performed, and results showed superficial changes of materials at the microporous and mesoporous levels for the Gly@ZIF-8 material. Both the starting materials and biocatalysts were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. During the transesterification, using the two biocatalysts (ZIF-8-PCL and Gly@ZIF-8-PCL), two supernatant liquids were generated which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that the two routes of synthesis of supports from ZIF-8 will be configured as effective methods for the generation of effective biocatalysts for biodiesel production.

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