Mixed lactate and caffeine compound increases satellite cell activity and anabolic signals for muscle hypertrophy

Abstract

We examined whether a mixed lactate and caffeine compound (LC) could effectively elicit proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells or activate anabolic signals in skeletal muscles. We cultured C2C12 cells with either lactate or LC for 6 h. We found that lactate significantly increased myogenin and follistatin protein levels and phosphorylation of P70S6K while decreasing the levels of myostatin relative to the control. LC significantly increased protein levels of Pax7, MyoD, and Ki67 in addition to myogenin, relative to control. LC also significantly increased follistatin expression relative to control and stimulated phosphorylation of mTOR and P70S6K. In an in vivo study, male F344/DuCrlCrlj rats were assigned to control (Sed, n = 10), exercise (Ex, n = 12), and LC supplementation (LCEx, n = 13) groups. LC was orally administered daily. The LCEx and Ex groups were exercised on a treadmill, running for 30 min at low intensity every other day for 4 wk. The LCEx group experienced a significant increase in the mass of the gastrocnemius (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) relative to both the Sed and Ex groups. Furthermore, the LCEx group showed a significant increase in the total DNA content of TA compared with the Sed group. The LCEx group experienced a significant increase in myogenin and follistatin expression of GA relative to the Ex group. These results suggest that administration of LC can effectively increase muscle mass concomitant with elevated numbers of myonuclei, even with low-intensity exercise training, via activated satellite cells and anabolic signals.

The Effect of Caffeine Supplementation on Trained Individuals Subjected to Maximal Treadmill Test

“…However, the present study did not find physical performance improvement in CG in comparison to PG differently from other studies (Chen et al, 2015; Del Coso et al, 2016). Oishi et al (2015) found that caffeine intake can actually increase muscle mass, even with low-intensity physical training due to the activation of satellite cells and of anabolic signals, fact that corroborates the results in the present study. In addition, another study found that IL-6 myokine may also control the oxidative stress condition in the skeletal muscle tissue and in immune cells (Febbraio et al, 2002).…”

Protein supplementation does not alter intramuscular anabolic signaling or endocrine response after resistance exercise in trained men

“…This is consistent with previous investigations reporting that protein supplementation had no effect on blood lactate concentrations [59,64]. Lactate production may contribute to mTORC1 activation [65], however the mechanisms by which metabolic stress influences anabolic signaling are not fully elucidated and warrant further investigation.…”

Muscle satellite cells are functionally impaired in myasthenia gravis: consequences on muscle regeneration

“…For example, SC reduction was found in X-linked muscular dystrophy (MDX) in mice [45] or in type 1 diabetes characterised by the alteration of Notch signalling pathway on skeletal muscle [18]. On the other hand, as observed in our study, an increase in the SC pool was described in several cases such as degenerative muscle disease [34], neuromuscular disease as "arrested development of right response" (ADR) myotonia [63], drug treatment [56], or mechanical stress [11,76]. Moreover, it is known that both number and functionality of SCs are age-dependent with a significant decline during life span until senescence [7,74].…”