Mixed infections of pome and stone fruit viroids in cultivated and wild trees in Greece

Kaponi, Maria S.; Luigi, M.; Kyriakopoulou, P. E.

doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2012.026.008

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The report of widespread presence of ASSVd in Greece (Kyriakopoulou et al., ) is also doubtful because it is based on detection methods lacking appropriate controls (possible cross‐hybridisation of specific cRNA probe with other apscaviroids was not excluded) and the infecting ASSVd variants were not sequenced. However, the presence of ASSVd in Greece has been confirmed by appropriate approaches (Kaponi et al., , ). Overall, the Panel considers that ASSVd presence in several EU MSs is doubtful but that it should be considered present in Greece.…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of Cydonia Mill., Malus Mill. and Pyrus L.

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Gonthier³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of 17 viruses and viroids, herein called viruses, of Cydonia Mill., Malus Mill. and Pyrus L. determined as being either non‐EU or of undetermined standing in a previous EFSA opinion. These viruses belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology. They can be detected by available methods and are efficiently transmitted by vegetative propagation techniques, with plants for planting representing a major long‐distance spread mechanism and, potentially, a major entry pathway. Depending on the viruses, additional pathway(s) can also be seed, pollen and/or vector transmission. Most of the viruses categorised here are known to infect only one of few related plant genera, but some of them have a wider host range, thus extending the possible entry pathways. Three viruses (apple necrotic mosaic virus, cherry rasp leaf virus, temperate fruit decay‐associated virus) and one viroid (apple fruit crinkle viroid) satisfy all the criteria to be considered as Union quarantine pests. Five viruses (apple green crinkle‐associated virus, blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus, eggplant mottled crinkle virus, tobacco ringspot virus and tomato ringspot virus) and one viroid (apple scar skin viroid), satisfy the criteria to be considered as Union quarantine pests with the possible exception of being absent from the EU territory or having a restricted presence and being under official control. The remaining six viruses (apple geminivirus, apple latent spherical virus, apple‐associated luteovirus, Pyrus pyrifolia cryptic virus, Pyrus pyrifolia partitivirus 2 and Tulare apple mosaic virus) and one viroid (apple hammerhead viroid) were not found to satisfy one or more of these criteria. The Panel highlights that for several viruses, especially those recently discovered, the categorisation is associated with high uncertainties mainly linked to the absence of data on biology and distribution. Since this opinion addresses specifically the non‐EU viruses, in general these viruses do not meet the criteria assessed by EFSA to qualify as a potential Union regulated non‐quarantine pests.

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Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of Cydonia Mill., Malus Mill. and Pyrus L.

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Gonthier³

et al. 2019

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The report of widespread presence of ASSVd in Greece (Kyriakopoulou et al, 2001) is also doubtful because it is based on detection methods lacking appropriate controls (possible cross-hybridization of specific cRNA probe with other apscaviroids was not excluded) and the infecting ASSVd variants were not sequenced. However, the presence of ASSVd in Greece has been confirmed by appropriate approaches (Kaponi et al, 2012(Kaponi et al, , 2013. Overall, the Panel considers that ASSVd presence in several EU MSs is doubtful but that it should be considered present in Greece [.…”

Section: Pest Distribution In the Eumentioning

confidence: 97%

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of Prunus L.

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Gonthier³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health addressed the pest categorisation of the viruses and viroids of Prunus L. determined as being either non-EU or of undetermined standing in a previous EFSA opinion. These infectious agents belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology. With the exclusion of Ilarvirus S1 and Ilarvirus S2, for which very limited information exists, the pest categorisation was completed for 26 viruses and 1 viroid having acknowledged identities and available detection methods. All these viruses are efficiently transmitted by vegetative plant propagation techniques, with plants for planting representing the major pathway for long-distance dispersal and thus considered as the major pathway for entry. Depending on the virus, additional pathway(s) can also be Prunus seeds, pollen and/or vector(s). Most of the viruses categorised here are known to infect only one or few plant genera, but some of them have a wide host range, thus extending the possible entry pathways. Apple scar skin viroid, American plum line pattern virus, cherry mottle leaf virus, cherry rasp leaf virus, cherry rosette virus, cherry rusty mottle-associated virus, cherry twisted leaf-associated virus, peach enation virus, peach mosaic virus, peach rosette mosaic virus, tobacco ringspot virus and tomato ringspot virus meet all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests (QPs). With the exception of impact in the EU territory, on which the Panel was unable to conclude, apricot vein clearing virus, Asian prunus virus 1, Asian prunus virus 2, Asian prunus virus 3, Caucasus prunus virus, cherry virus B, Mume virus A, nectarine stem pitting-associated virus, nectarine virus M, peach chlorotic mottle virus, peach leaf pitting-associated virus, peach virus D, prunus virus F and prunus virus T satisfy all the other criteria to be considered as potential Union QPs. Prunus geminivirus A does not meet the criterion of having negative impact in the EU. For several viruses, especially those recently discovered, the categorisation is associated with high uncertainties mainly because of the absence of data on their biology, distribution and impact. Since this opinion addresses specifically the non-EU viruses, in general these viruses do not meet the criteria assessed by EFSA to qualify as potential Union regulated non-quarantine pests.

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“…ASSVd was also detected in sweet cherry [ 23 ]. In a survey of 400 Rosaceous samples tested by TPH, 117 were found ASSVd-positive (29.3%) [ 21 ]. Figure 3 shows symptoms of ASSVd on a Greek apple from Peloponnesus.…”

Section: Incidence Of Viroids and Viroid Diseases In Countries Of The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general incidence of HSVd in Greece is high, that is, the viroid was detected in citrus, plum, peach, apricot, cherry plum, Japanese plum, apple, wild apple, grapevine, and fig, with an incidence rate of 38.9% (in a total of 232 from 596 samples tested by TPH), 39% in pome fruits, and ~50% in stone fruits [ 21 , 90 , 168 , 177 ]. According to earlier reports [ 57 , 89 , 149 ], HSVd was detected in apricot in Greece at a rate of 5%, yet, in a 2006–2009 survey, 124 out of 247 Greek apricot trees (~50%) were found HSVd-positive by tissue print hybridization [ 21 ].…”

Section: Incidence Of Viroids and Viroid Diseases In Countries Of The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Viroids of the Mediterranean Basin

Kaponi,

Kyriakopoulou,

Hadidi

2024

Viruses

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There has been substantial progress in the Mediterranean countries regarding research on viroids. Twenty-nine viroid species, all belonging to Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae genera, have been detected in the Mediterranean Basin. Not only have detection methods, such as reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, been used for viroid detection, along with molecular hybridization techniques allowing for rapid detection, identification, and characterization of known and novel viroids in these countries, but eradication measures have also been taken that allowed for the efficient elimination of certain viroids in a number of Mediterranean countries. The eradication measures were followed as recommended by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, which is known by its abbreviation, EPPO. The Mediterranean Region has been a niche for viroids since ancient times due to the warm climate and the socio-cultural conditions that facilitate viroid transmission among different host plant species.

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Mixed infections of pome and stone fruit viroids in cultivated and wild trees in Greece

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of Cydonia Mill., Malus Mill. and Pyrus L.

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of Cydonia Mill., Malus Mill. and Pyrus L.

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of Prunus L.

Viroids of the Mediterranean Basin

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