Mixed gel electrolytes: Synthesis, characterization, and gas release on PbSb electrode

Binh, Pham Thanh; Anh, Nguyễn Thị Vân; Thuy, Mai Thi Thanh; Xuan, Mai Thi; Chuyen, Vi Thi; Quy, Bui Minh

doi:10.1515/gps-2021-0033

Green Processing and Synthesis

2021

DOI: 10.1515/gps-2021-0033

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Mixed gel electrolytes: Synthesis, characterization, and gas release on PbSb electrode

Pham Thanh Binh

Nguyễn Thị Vân Anh

Mai Thi Thanh Thuy

et al.

Abstract: Mixed gel electrolytes were fabricated chemically at a temperature range of 2–5°C using some additives comparing with traditional electrolytes (1.26 g/cm3 H2SO4). The polyacrylamide (PAM) content is kept constant (0.2 wt%), while the propylene glycol (PPG) and nano fumed silica (NFS) contents varied. The material characteristics of samples were assessed by physical appearance observation, electrochemical measurements, and physicochemical methods. The results showed that a hard gel without separation of solutio… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO₂ in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

Binh,

Van Anh,

Thuy

et al. 2021

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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Pb/PbO2 electrodes are made by anodizing method from H2SO4 solution (1.26 g/cm3). The mixed gel electrolyte was prepared by mixing H2SO4 (1.37 g/cm3) with liquid glass (LG) in the presence of polyacrylamide (PAM), propylene glycol (PPG), and nano fumed silica (NFS). After finishing 150 cycles by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in different electrolytes at a scan rate of 100 mV/s, the structure of PbO2, including morphology and the content of elements, were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), respectively, as well as by CV diagrams. There was found a huge difference in both the grain size and surface structure of PbO2 electrodes. Among them, the morphology of PbO2 electrode after cycling in mixed gel electrolyte using PAM with NFS is similar to that obtaining from H2SO4 solution (1.26 g/cm3). The appearance of α‐ and β‐PbO2 forms depends on the combination of gelling agents. The existence of α‐PbO2 form was found only by using separate PAM or PAM with PPG leading to small discharge densities, while both α‐ and β‐PbO2 forms were clearly observed by combining PAM with NFS. The height of redox peak in this case is approximately the same as that in sulfuric acid solution.

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Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO₂ in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

Binh,

Van Anh,

Thuy

et al. 2021

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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The effect of NaOH concentration on ferrate electrosynthesis

Van Anh,

Binh,

Xuan

et al. 2024

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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This study investigated the electrochemical characteristics of mild steel anode in NaOH solutions with concentrations ranging from 8 to 16 m to elucidate their impact on the electrochemical synthesis of ferrate and determine the optimal electrolyte concentration for this process. The electrochemical properties of anode material were determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the Tafel polarization. The ferrate concentration was determined by UV–vis method and the conductivity of electrolytes was evaluated through EIS measurement in the high‐frequent range. The results showed that a passive layer easily formed on the anode surface in NaOH solution with a concentration range of 8–12 m, preventing the formation of ferrate. Conversely, at higher electrolyte concentrations (14 and 16 m NaOH), the dissolution capability of the passive layer was enhanced, resulting in a better ability to synthesize ferrate.

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Contribution of n-TiO₂ Combining with PAM/PPG/NFS Ternary Additive to Improving the Capacity of Gel Lead Acid Battery

Phan

Nguyen

Thanh

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An additive mixture of nanoTiO2 (n-TiO2 in sol form), nano fumed SiO2 (nf-SiO2, NFS), propylene glycol (PPG) and polyacryl amide (PAM) was used for preparation of gelled electrolytes. They were characterized by some physicochemical and electrochemical methods to consider their effect on the capacity of lead acid battery during working process. The material property of samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The resistance of the electrolyte was considered by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Battery capacity was observed by charge-discharge at constant current density (0.8 mA/cm2) and charge-discharge according to the international recognized standards (IEC 61056-1:2012; 2.35 V/6h-0.25 C/1.7 V or 0.5C/1.7 V) for anodized PbO2 cells and VRLA cells (Gel-VRLA cells, AGM Gel-VRLA cells, and flooded-VRLA cells), respectively. The results showed that a suitable content of n-TiO2 should be 0.2 wt% combined with ternary additive (PAM/PPG/NFS, 0.2/0.1/0.6 wt%, respectively). The discharge capacity of the VRLA cells with 0.2 wt% n-TiO2 was higher than that without n-TiO2 at both discharge rates 0.25 and 0.5C. In particular, their service life reaches more than 225 cycles at 0.25C discharging thanks to the use of AGM separator, meeting the IEC 61056-1:2012 standard (200 cycles).

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Mixed gel electrolytes: Synthesis, characterization, and gas release on PbSb electrode

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO₂ in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO₂ in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

The effect of NaOH concentration on ferrate electrosynthesis

Contribution of n-TiO₂ Combining with PAM/PPG/NFS Ternary Additive to Improving the Capacity of Gel Lead Acid Battery

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Product

Resources

About

Mixed gel electrolytes: Synthesis, characterization, and gas release on PbSb electrode

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO2 in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO2 in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

The effect of NaOH concentration on ferrate electrosynthesis

Contribution of n-TiO2 Combining with PAM/PPG/NFS Ternary Additive to Improving the Capacity of Gel Lead Acid Battery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO₂ in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

Electrochemical study on the structure of PbO₂ in mixed gel electrolytes during cycling by cyclic voltammetry

Contribution of n-TiO₂ Combining with PAM/PPG/NFS Ternary Additive to Improving the Capacity of Gel Lead Acid Battery