Mixed Culture Cytopathogenicity: A New Test for Growth of Murine Leukemia Viruses in Tissue Culture

Klement, Vaclav; Rowe, Wallace P.; Hartley, Janet W.; Pugh, Wendell E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.63.3.753

Cited by 231 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The tumors were removed when the animal showed neurological symptoms, and a portion was fixed for histology. The (14) and an SV-40 virus-transformed mouse fibroblast line were obtained from Dr. N. Hogg. NS20Y (15), a clone of mouse neuroblastoma C1300, was the gift of Dr. M; Nirenberg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New cell surface antigens in rat defined by tumors of the nervous system.

Fields¹,

Gosling²,

Megson³

et al. 1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system were induced in rats with ethylnitrosourea. Many of these tumors were transplanted in syngeneic recipients, and several cell lines were derived from them.An antiserukn raised against one such cell line in C3H mice defined two cell surface antigens in cytotoxicity tests. One, the common antigen, was present on rat brain and embryonic tissues and was present in large amounts on most tumors or cell lines from the nervous system. Fibroblastic cell lines had smaller amounts of this antigen, which also could be detected by immunofluorescence. The other, restricted antigen was not detected on normal or embryonic tissues. It was present on six tumors from the nervous system, on one glial cell line, and on a Schwanncell line RN22. In addition, it was present on four out of eleven cloned cell lines isolated from rat tumors at the Salk Institute. Two of the positive clonal lines had been shown to have properties unique to neuronal cells. The restricted antigen was therefore expressed on the cell surface of some, but not all, glial, Schwann, and neuronal neoplastic cells.The study of neural* cells in tissue culture provides a new approach to questions of the functions and interactions of the different populations of cells in the nervous system. However, physical methods for separating the different cell types have severe limitations, and identification of cells that have been treated with enzymes or grown in tissue culture is time-consuming and difficult. The use of surface antigens for distinguishing, separating, and studying the function of different types of lymphocytes (1) has suggested a possible immunological approach to the problems of neural cell populations.A number of murine allo-antigens (Thy-i, PC1, Sk, are known to be present in mouse brain; if any one of them were restricted to a subset of neural cells, it might be a useful marker (2). In addition, new cell surface markers have been defined by using tumors of the nervous system. Recently an antigen on brain and murine neuroblastoma C1300 (3), and a glial-specific brain antigen carried by oligodendroglioma G26 have been reported. The restricted distribution of the glialspecific antigen was determined by using five more tumors of nervous system, and several leukemias and sarcomas, but its distribution on the cell types in normal brain has not yet been determined directly (4). A third cell surface antigen has been defined by taking advantage of the clones of neuroblastoma C1300 and their capacity for morphological differentiation in tissue culture, to reveal an antigen shared by brain and only the differentiated cells in vitro (5, 6). Again, the antigenbearing cell type in normal brain, and the possible restriction of the antigen to neurons, remain open questions.While the murine tumors are an attractive system, it has proved difficult (ref. 7; Fields, unpublished) to induce more nervous system tumors in mice, so that only a few are available. In contrast, neural tumors can be induced in the rat with rem...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New cell surface antigens in rat defined by tumors of the nervous system.

Fields¹,

Gosling²,

Megson³

et al. 1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The VSV assay was by plaque technique. MSV was assayed by the focus method (Hartley & Rowe, 1966 ) and the presence of MLV in the cultures was checked by mixed culture cytopathogenicity test (Klement et al 1969), and of AMV by indirect immunofluorescence directed against the gs-antigen, using rabbit antiserum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudotypes of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus with the Coat of Murine Leukaemia and of Avian Myeloblastosis Viruses

Závada

1972

Journal of General Virology

130

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SUMMARYVesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in mouse embryo cells pre-infected with murine sarcoma virus or in chicken cells pre-infected with avian myeloblastosis virus contains, in contrast to virus grown in corresponding control cells, a proportion of virus resistant to antiserum against VSV. Infectivity of this virus fraction can specifically be neutralized with antiserum against murine leukaemia virus (MLV) and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), respectively. In addition to neutralization specificity, the particles resistant to anti-VSV serum show also host-range and interference specificity corresponding to the leukosis virus involved. These viruses do not breed true as recombinants, but virus isolated from their plaques is indistinguishable from original VSV. All these facts are consistent with the explanation that there are VSV(MLV) and VSV(AMV) pseudotype particles.The ts 45 (complementation group V) mutant of VSV was apparently complemented by AMV at the restrictive temperature, whereas two other mutants belonging to groups I and III were not: the leukosis virus apparently exerts a helper effect for conditionally defective VSV.

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“…The following fibroblast cultures were used for virus assays: mink lung cells (MLC), the CCL-4 line (Henderson et al, 1974) from J. Hartley, NIH; S÷L -mink cells (Peebles, 1975) and SC-1 (Hartley & Rowe, 1975) from J. Levy, San Francisco; NIH/3T3 and Balb/c mouse embryo cells and XC rat cells (Klement et al, 1969) from R. S. Schwartz. Mink, NIH/3T3, Balb/c and SC-1 cells were maintained in McCoy's medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum and gentamicin (100 gg/ml).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Characteristics of Type C Viruses Isolated from Different Friend Erythroleukaemic Cells

Vinton

Woytowicz

Levy

1982

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYWe have examined the expression of type C RNA viruses in different Friend erythroleukaemic cell types, distinguished on the basis of increasingly malignant characteristics, which arise during the ageing of mice inoculated with the polycythaemic Friend virus complex. Most early appearing Friend cells (type I) expressed ecotropic virus, but cells of later malignant types showed decreased and variable expression. In general, the more malignant cells released less ecotropic virus. Xenotropic virus was detected in low numbers from type I, II, and IV cells. Two viruses were cloned from type II tumour cells: a xenotropic virus (II clone l) and an N-tropic ecotropic virus (II clone 2). No pathogenic activity was found when II clone 1 was inoculated into newborn and adult DBA/2J and NIH/Swiss mice observed for up to 20 months, whereas II clone 2 caused a rapid anaemic erythroleukaemia in both N-and B-type newborn mouse strains. It caused a similar form of leukaemia in susceptible N-type adult mice, but at a lower frequency and with a longer latency (usually >5 months). This finding demonstrated a lack of NB restriction in newborn mice. The virus was much less active in DBA/2J mice from which it had been originally cloned; it also appeared to cause lymphoma or to shorten the latency of spontaneous lymphoma in DBA/2J mice.

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Mixed Culture Cytopathogenicity: A New Test for Growth of Murine Leukemia Viruses in Tissue Culture

Cited by 231 publications

References 4 publications

New cell surface antigens in rat defined by tumors of the nervous system.

New cell surface antigens in rat defined by tumors of the nervous system.

Pseudotypes of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus with the Coat of Murine Leukaemia and of Avian Myeloblastosis Viruses

Biological Characteristics of Type C Viruses Isolated from Different Friend Erythroleukaemic Cells

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