Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems in Semiarid Regions

Schiere, H.; Baumhardt, R. Louis; Keulen, H. van; Whitbread, Anthony; Bruinsma, Anne; Goodchild, Tony; Gregorini, Pablo; Slingerland, M.A.; Hartwell, Birgitte Wiedemann

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr23.2ed.c8

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Here we only consider equidae used for animal traction because their excreta are generally dropped in streets and city stables and can potentially end in surface water or be collected for use in agriculture. Due to lack of data, we ignored other animals present in urban areas such as cows, dogs, cats, poultry, buffaloes, camels, sheep, pigs, and goats [FAO, 2001;Schiere, 2012] (SI 8.1).…”

Section: Animal Waste 231 Gross Animal N and P Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century

Morée

Beusen

Bouwman

et al. 2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

158

113

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[1] This paper presents a global model-based country-scale quantification of urban N and P mass flows from humans, animals, and industries and their waste N and P discharges to surface water and urban waste recycling in agriculture. Agricultural recycling was practiced commonly in early twentieth century Europe, Asia, and North America. During the twentieth century, global urban discharge to surface water increased~3.5-fold to 7.7 Tg yr -1 for N and~4.5-fold to 1.0 Tg yr -1 for P; the major part of this increase occurred between 1950 and 2000. Between 1900 and~1940, industrial N and P flows dominated global surface water N and P loadings from urban areas; since~1940, human wastes are the major source of urban nutrient discharge to both surface water and agricultural recycling. During the period 1900-2000, total global recycling of urban nutrients in agriculture increased from 0.4 to 0.6 Tg N yr -1 and from 0.07 to 0.08 Tg P yr -1. A large number of factors (the major ones related to food consumption, urban population, sewer connection, and industrial emissions) contribute to the uncertainty of À18% to +42% for N and À21% to +45% for P around the calculated surface water loading estimate for 2000.

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Section: Animal Waste 231 Gross Animal N and P Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century

Morée

Beusen

Bouwman

et al. 2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

158

113

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“…A highly prevalent farming practice in semi-arid and arid regions is the "mixed croplivestock farming system" [8]. Livestock numbers are high, but feed and water supply are a major concern of farmers in these regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) Productivity, Proximal Composition and Soil Parameters as Affected by Planting Time and Agronomic Management in a Semi-Arid Region of India

et al. 2021

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Study of appropriate planting time and response to agronomic management practices is imperative for the newly introduced cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) into a semi-arid region of India. Responses of cactus pear to agronomic practices (planting time, and irrigation and fertilizer application) were evaluated to determine the potential for fodder production and livestock feed in a semi-arid environment of India. We assessed four planting times (February, March, July, and October) and two agronomic managements (with and without irrigation and fertilizer application) during 2016–2020 at Jhansi, India. Cactus pear establishment and growth improved with planting time in July and October due to favorable soil moisture and congenial temperature. However, plant height (19 cm) and cladode weight (118 g) were greater in July than in October planting. Nutrient uptake and crude protein contents, however, were higher for the earlier plantings of February and April compared to June and October. Irrigation and nutrients application had little effect on the cactus pear plant growth, except on plant width and cladode length and width. Cactus pear can be planted during July in moderately fertile soils without any agronomic intervention in semi-arid situations of India and has potential as an effective alternative source of forage for livestock during the summer months.

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“…Farmers in rainfed agricultural regions have also developed strategies that may need more than one season to take effect, but that can have an impact over many years in improving crop productivity. These strategies may involve practices such as fallow to conserve soil water (Guler and Karaca 1988); integration of animal production with cropping to diversify sources of income (Virgona et al 2006;Schiere et al 2006;Bell et al 2014); use of legume or broadleaf crop rotations in conjunction with cereals to improve soil nitrogen (N) and assist disease and weed management (Donald 1962;Angus et al 1991;Kingwell 1994;Doole and Weetman 2009;Christiansen et al 2015;Renton et al 2015); and various systems involving combinations of practices such as no tillage, retention of crop residues, deep ripping and application of gypsum to address soil compaction (Hamza and Anderson 2003), and controlled traffic farming and crop rotation to maintain soil fertility (e.g. Kingwell et al 1993;Kingwell and Fuchsbichler 2011;Serraj and Siddique 2012;Alrijabo 2014;Sommer et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactical crop management for improved productivity in winter-dominant rainfall regions: a review

Anderson

Brennan²,

Jayasena³

et al. 2020

Crop Pasture Sci.

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This study reviews published information on the tactical management decisions needed to maximise economic grain yield in winter-dominant rainfall regions of the Mediterranean type. Tactical decisions are defined as those relating to the period from immediately before sowing to harvest. Tactical management is the principal means by which farmers respond to changing environmental and short-term economic conditions as the season progresses. The review considers published evidence that underpins these decisions and relates to cereal crops (wheat, barley and oats), pulse crops (field pea, faba bean, chickpea and narrow-leaved lupin) and canola. The criteria used to guide management decisions during the season involve soil and tissue tests for nutrients, knowledge of weed numbers and resistance status in the current and previous seasons, weather conditions that favour disease development, and knowledge of thresholds and biology of insect pests that may warrant control measures. All of these decisions can be related to the timing of the opening rains and the length of the growing season; the crop, pasture or weeds present in the previous two seasons; the presence of pest- and disease-bearing crop residues; and the type of tillage in use. Most of these indicators require further refinement through research across environments, soil types, crop types and production systems. The likely interactions between tactical or short-term management decisions, longer term or strategic decisions, and genetic factors are discussed. The prevalent use of chemicals in the management of biotic factors that can impact the crops is noted, as is progress towards various systems of ‘integrated’ management of these threats to crop production. Most tactical decisions in rainfed cropping systems appear to be supported by adequate evidence, although some decisions are still based on practical experience and observations. Application of tactical management practices together with strategic management and use of improved genotypes provides the possibility of achieving rainfall-limited potential grain yield at a regional scale. The papers reviewed have been selected partly on the basis that the experimental treatments achieved the estimated potential grain yield. Where the potential grain yields are not being achieved in commercial crops, it remains unclear whether this is due to inadequate adoption of existing information or inadequate research to identify and address the underlying causes. We highlight the need to devise a simple decision aid to assist farmers and their advisers to respond to the variable seasonal conditions evident since the turn of the Century.

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Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems in Semiarid Regions

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century

Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century

Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) Productivity, Proximal Composition and Soil Parameters as Affected by Planting Time and Agronomic Management in a Semi-Arid Region of India

Tactical crop management for improved productivity in winter-dominant rainfall regions: a review

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