Mixed Convection and Thermally Radiative Flow of MHD Williamson Nanofluid with Arrhenius Activation Energy and Cattaneo–Christov Heat-Mass Flux

Abstract

In this paper, we explored the impact of thermally radiative MHD flow of Williamson nanofluid over a stretchy plate. The flow in a stretchy plate is saturated via Darcy–Forchheimer relation. Cattaneo–Christov heat-mass flux theory is adopted to frame the energy and nanoparticle concentration equations. Additionally, the mass transfer analysis is made by activation energy and binary chemical reaction. Activation energy is invoked through the modified Arrhenius function. The intention of the current investigation is to enhance the heat transfer rate in industrial processes. The non-Newtonian nanofluids have more prominent thermal characteristics compared to ordinary working fluids. The governing models are altered into ODE models, and these models are numerically solved by applying the MATLAB bvp4c algorithm. The graphical and tabular interpretations have scrutinized the impact of sundry distinct parameters. The fluid speed escalates for enhancing the Richardson number, and it falls off for higher values of the Weissenberg number. It is noticed that the fluid temperature declines for higher values of the Brownian motion parameter and it grows for larger values of the thermophoresis parameter. The activation energy enriches the heat transfer gradient and suppresses the local Sherwood number. Additionally, the more significant heat transfer gradient occurs in heat-absorbing nonradiative viscous nanofluid and a smaller heat transfer gradient occurs in heat-generating radiative Williamson nanofluid. Also, we noticed that a higher heat transfer gradient appears in the Fourier model than in the Catteneo–Christov model. In addition, the comparative results are confirmed and reached an outstanding accord.

Peristaltic Transport of Carreau Coupled Stress Nanofluid with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model Inside a Symmetric Channel

“…HPM can be applied to make another approximate solution for these equations after utilizing (27). According to HPM [33,34,[39][40][41][42][43][44], we suppose that 𝑞 𝜁0 , 𝜃 𝐸0 and 𝐹 N0 have the solution of the form 𝛴 0 = Σ 00 + 𝑃 𝐻 𝛴 01 + P 𝐻 2 𝛴 02 +⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ (28) where, 𝛴 refers to any one of these distributions 𝑞 𝜁0 , 𝜃 𝐸0 with𝐹 N0 . The linear operators may be represented as 𝐿 1 (𝑞 𝜁 ) = 𝜕 6…”

“…These fluids are mainly utilized to modulate thermal conductivity and heat transfer in such a way as to achieve the better. Given the importance of these several important applications, many researchers have paid considerable attention to the study of nanofluids [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Darcy‐Forchheimer 3D Flow of Glycerin‐Based Carbon Nanotubes on a Riga Plate with Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Cattaneo‐Christov Heat Flux

“…Numerical Solutions. The rechanged models (( 8)-( 10)) with the associated conditions ( 12) are numerically solved by applying the MATLAB bvp4c algorithm (see Rehman et al [48] and Eswaramoorthi et al [49]). To solve these equations, first, we convert higher ODE to first-order ODEs.…”

Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Cu/TiO2 nanoliquid past a stretching sheet with heat generation/consumption

“…The governing equations are nonlinear, and it is challenging to solve. However, the bvp4c Matlab software is used by many researchers, see ( [15]- [18]) to solve nonlinear problems. Therefore, the prevailing situation is solved with the aid of using this method.…”