Mixed Compound of DCPTA and CCC Increases Maize Yield by Improving Plant Morphology and Up-Regulating Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidants

Abstract

DCPTA (2-diethylaminoethyl-3, 4-dichlorophenylether) and CCC (2-chloroethyltrimethyl- ammonium chloride) have a great effect on maize growth, but applying DCPTA individually can promote the increase of plant height, resulting in the rise of lodging percent. Plant height and lodging percent decrease in CCC-treated plants, but the accumulation of biomass reduce, resulting in yield decrease. Based on the former experiments, the performance of a mixture which contained 40 mg DCPTA and 20 mg CCC as active ingredients per liter of solution, called PCH was tested with applying 40mg/L DCPTA and 20mg/L CCC individually. Grain yield, yield components, internode characters, leaf area per plant, plant height and lodging percent as well as chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, enzymatic antioxidants, membranous peroxide and organic osmolyte were analyzed in two years (2011 and 2012), using maize hybrid, Zhengdan 958 (ZD 958) at density of 6.75 plants m-2. CCC, DCPTA and PCH were sprayed on the whole plant leaves at 7 expanded leaves stage and water was used as control. Compared to control, PCH significantly increased grain yield (by 9.53% and 6.68%) from 2011 to 2012. CCC significantly decreased kernel number per ear (by 6.78% and 5.69%) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) (by 8.57% and 6.55%) from 2011 to 2012. Kernel number per ear and TKW increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants, but showed no significant difference between them. In CCC-treated and PCH-treated plants, internode length and plant height decreased, internode diameter increased, resulting in the significant decline of lodging percent. With DCPTA application, internode diameter increased, but internode length and plant height increased at the same time, resulting in the augment of lodging percent. Bending strength and puncture strength were increased by applying different plant growth regulators (PGRs). In PCH-treated plants, bending strength and puncture strength were greater than other treatments. Compared to control, the bending strength of 3rd internode was increased by 14.47% in PCH-treated plants in 2011, increased by 18.40% in 2012, and the difference was significant. Puncture strength of 1st, 3rd and 5th internode was increased by 37.25%, 29.17% and 26.09% in 2011 and 34.04%, 25% and 23.68% in 2012, compared to control. Leaf area and dry weight per plant reduced significantly in CCC-treated plants, increased in DCPTA-treated and PCH-treated plants from 2011 to 2012. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence improved with CCC and DCPTA application. Due to the additive effect of DCPTA and CCC, PCH showed the significant effect on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence. Compared to control, total enzyme activity (SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR) and soluble protein content increased, malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content reduced in PCH-treated plants. The transportation of soluble sugar from leaf to kernel improved significantly at the late silking stage. The research provided the way for the further use of DCPT...

Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis

“…The effects depended on the growth stage when CCC was applied. However, in other studies, CCC application displayed either no influence on maize yield (Spitzer, Míša, Bílovsky, & Kazda, ) or significantly decreased kernel number per cob and kernel weight, resulting in yield decrease (Wang et al., ). In conclusion, the results of growth regulator application on maize vegetative development and grain yield performance are contradictory.…”

Exogenous DCPTA Increases the Tolerance of Maize Seedlings to PEG-Simulated Drought by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism-Related Enzymes

“…Plant growth regulators have been widely applied to prevent or minimize the negative influence induced by stress on plants [18]. 2-(3,4-Dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA) can accelerate plant growth [19,20], increase root development [21], increase chloroplast volume, increase leaf photosynthetic enzyme activity [22], promote CO 2 fixation [23], increase photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis [24], and stimulate carotenoid biosynthesis [25]. However, the molecular basis of the DCPTA effect on plants and its integrated effects on N metabolism under stress conditions remain unclear.…”

Dynamic of accumulation and redistribution of various carbohydrate forms and nitrogen in organs of tomatoes under treatment with retardants

“…Ретарданти хлормекватхлорид і паклобутразол підвищували вміст сахарози в листках лілії (Zheng et al, 2012). Wang et al (2016) встановили, що хлормекватхлорид пришвидшував відтік розчинних цукрів від листків до плодів у рослин кукурудзи та збільшував вміст білків у їх листках. Цей же ретардант збільшував вміст редукуючих цукрів і крохмалю у бульбах картоплі (Koteswara Rao et al, 2017).…”

“…Результати обробляли статистично за допомогою програми Statistica 6.0. Застосовували однофакторний дисперсійний аналіз (відмінності між середніми значеннями обчислювали методом ANOVA, їх вважали вірогідними за Р < 0,05) (Van Emden, 2008).…”

“…Підтвердженням цього явища вважаємо постійне зменшення співвідношення вмісту цукрів до крохмалю в усіх органах рослин. Аналогічне посилення відтоку цукрів із листків до плодів відбувалося за дії хлормекватхлориду у рослин кукурудзи (Wang et al, 2016). Зростання вмісту вуглеводів у вегетативних і генеративних органах рослин за дії ретардантів відмічали й інші дослідники.…”