Mixed bioconvection stagnation point flow towards a vertical plate in alumina-copper/water

Abstract

Purpose According to the previous research, bioconvection has been recognized as an important mechanism in current engineering and environmental systems. For example, researchers exploit this mechanism in modern green bioengineering to develop environmentally friendly fuels, fuel cells and photosynthetic microorganisms. This study aims to analyse how this type of convection affects the flow behaviour and heat transfer performance of mixed convection stagnation point flow in alumina-copper/water hybrid nanofluid. Also, the impact of a modified magnetic field on the boundary layer flow is considered. Design/methodology/approach By applying appropriate transformations, the multivariable differential equations are transformed into a specific sort of ordinary differential equations. Using the bvp4c procedure, the adjusted mathematical model is revealed. Once sufficient assumptions are provided, multiple solutions are able to be produced. Findings The skin friction coefficient is declined when the nanoparticle concentration is increased in the opposing flow. In contrast, the inclusion of aligned angles displays an upward trend in heat transfer performance. The presence of several solutions is established, which simply leads to a stability analysis, hence verifies the viability of the initial solution. Originality/value The current findings are unique and novel for the investigation of mixed bioconvection flow towards a vertical flat plate in a base fluid with the presence of hybrid nanoparticles.

Exploration of Recent Developments of Hybrid Nanofluids

“…Zainal et al, [63] Stretching/shrinking surface Anisotropic slip bvp4c Zainal et al, [64] Permeable moving surface MHD and thermal radiation bvp4c Zainal et al, [65] Vertical plate Modified magnetic field bvp4c Zainal et al, [66] Exponentially permeable stretching/shrinking sheet…”

“…Another work by Zainal et al, [63] analyses the impact of anisotropic slip in the 3D stagnation point of hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking surface. Zainal et al, [64] also studied the effects of thermal radiation and MHD on hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable moving surface Zainal et al, [64], the effects of modified magnetic field on the mixed bioconvection flow over a vertical plate Zainal et al, [65] and the impact of magnetic field toward the unsteady stagnation point hybrid nanofluid flow over the exponentially permeable stretching/shrinking sheet Zainal et al, [66].…”