Mixed Alkali and Mixed Alkaline-Earth Effect in Ceramic Sanitaryware Bodies Incorporated with Blast Furnace Slag

Aydın, Tuna; Çaşın, Eray

doi:10.1007/s12649-020-01187-y

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When the studies on sanitaryware production are examined in the literature, considering the problems experienced in the sector due to raw material supply, it is important to make seger calculations of different regional raw materials, to add them to the recipe or to reduce the ratio of high-cost raw materials in the recipe and to substitute alternative raw materials [4,5]. In addition, the precursor materials used in the glaze composition affect sintering temperature, microstructure, crystal development, energy costs, gas emissions and ultimately the effects on the final product properties [6,7]. However, the problems encountered in daily production in the factories currently working in the sector are solved by the R&D units, but these data remain individually within the industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterization of Some Glaze Faults Encountered in Sanitarywares

ÇAŞIN,

DERİN COŞKUN,

IŞIK

2023

Journal of Scientific Reports-A

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The use of right glaze compositions, which enable ceramic sanitary ware (such as sink, toilet bowl, toilet bowl, etc.) to have better hygienic, aesthetic and technical properties, is of great importance as in other ceramic products. Glaze compositions, which provide durability to sanitary ware materials, reduce impact resistance and give ceramic material a hygienic appearance, are produced as ~97% white color depending on the preferences of the consumers, therefore, surface defects attract more attention in glazing and post-glazing process applications. When faults occurred during the different stages of manufacture detected on the final product, failure to detect faults on the final product by passing many production stages poses a problem in terms of intervention in the process. Faults that occur during glaze preparation are important in terms of cost. Since it is a stage in which many economic evaluations have been made in production, eliminating the faults caused from glaze preparation prevents further financial loss. In this study, the appearance of the faults in the sanitaryware items and the change in their regions (occured as a result of the oils contaminations from the machinery and components used in the preparation of glaze, the pipes of the tanks used in the glaze transport tanks and the glaze transfer or the impurities contaminated from the environment, the splashing of the impurities by the colored glazes in the glazing cabinets etc.) were characterized by means of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), XRD (X-Ray Diffractometry) and color measurement (L a* b*) analyzes. According to the data derived from the final defected products, the faulty products were imitated by using the same components and methods on the plates under the laboratory conditions. Finally, the solutions for the problems were determined on the basis of faulty products obtained in the laboratory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterization of Some Glaze Faults Encountered in Sanitarywares

ÇAŞIN,

DERİN COŞKUN,

IŞIK

2023

Journal of Scientific Reports-A

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“…A clay-based ceramic is regarded as 'sustainable' if it is made from waste materials (including by-products), environmentally friendly (non-hazardous and recyclable), energy-efficient and cost-effective [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Various worldwide researchers have proposed on the potential recycling of waste materials, such as blast furnace slag from the iron making process [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], waste glass [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], fly ash [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], sewage sludge [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of General Full Factorial Statistical Experimental Design’s Approach for the Development of Sustainable Clay-Based Ceramics Incorporated with Malaysia’s Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag Waste

et al. 2021

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This study aims to optimize the composition (body formulation) and firing temperature of sustainable ceramic clay-based ceramics incorporated with electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag waste using general full factorial design (GFFD). The optimization is necessary to minimize drawbacks of high iron oxide’s fluxing agent (originated from electric arc furnace, EAF steel slag waste), which led to severe surface defects and high closed porosity issue of the ceramics. Statistical analysis of GFFD including model adequacy checking, analysis of variance (ANOVA), interaction plots, regression model, contour plot and response optimizer were conducted in the study. The responses (final properties of ceramics) investigated were firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density and modulus of rupture (MOR). Meanwhile, the factors employed in experimental parameters were weight percentage (wt.%) of EAF slag added and firing temperature. Upon statistical analysis, GFFD has deduced that wt.% amount of EAF slag added and firing temperatures are proven to significantly influence the final properties of the clay-based ceramic incorporated with EAF slag. The results of conducted statistical analysis were also highly significant and proven valid for the ceramics. Optimized properties (maximum MOR, minimum water absorption and apparent porosity) of the ceramic were attained at 50 wt.% of EAF slag added and firing temperature of 1180 °C.

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“…Fuel or organic wastes contribute to savings in firing energy, while fluxing or inorganic wastes improve the ceramic properties [12,14,15]. Specifically, inorganic wastes containing metals and minerals can melt and react with the clay minerals [16][17][18]. Despite these advantages, these trials have not yet been scaled up to mass production in industrial facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials

et al. 2021

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Circular economy promotes the use of waste materials into new production processes as a key factor for resource efficiency. The construction sector, and specifically the fired clay industry, is able to assimilate large amounts of waste in their processes, without significantly altering the technical properties of products. The introduction of different waste in ceramic products at the laboratory level has been extensively studied in the literature, but most of these studies have not yet been scaled-up to industrial production. Differences in processing with respect to laboratory conditions introduces uncertainty in relation to the expected properties of the final products. This paper uses a Self-Organizing Map (SOM)-based methodology for analysing and assessing the incorporation of industrial waste, Waelz slag (WS) and foundry sand dust (FSD), in ceramic products obtained sequentially at laboratory, semi-industrial and industrial level, over technological properties and metals release. As a result, from the SOM analysis, a clustered map of the samples developed is obtained that highlights the most important parameters affecting the technological and environmental properties to be the type of clay and therefore, the firing temperature; secondly, the Waelz slag content, being independent of the foundry sand addition; and finally, the type and level of processing (laboratory-pressing, semi-industrial extruder, industrial extruder).

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Mixed Alkali and Mixed Alkaline-Earth Effect in Ceramic Sanitaryware Bodies Incorporated with Blast Furnace Slag

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Detection and Characterization of Some Glaze Faults Encountered in Sanitarywares

Detection and Characterization of Some Glaze Faults Encountered in Sanitarywares

Application of General Full Factorial Statistical Experimental Design’s Approach for the Development of Sustainable Clay-Based Ceramics Incorporated with Malaysia’s Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag Waste

Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials

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