“…), as data augmentation methods, have not only achieved notable success in a wide range of machine learning problems such as supervised learning [8], semi-supervised learning [54,55], adversarial learning [56], but also adapted to different data forms such as images [57], texts [58,59], graphs [60], and speech [61]. Notably, to alleviate the problem of class imbalance in the dataset, a series of methods [9,10,62] employ Mixup to augment the data. Despite this, there has not been any research on using MixUp to solve the class imbalance problem in hierarchical multi-label classification.…”