Mix-Mode Elastic Finite Element Formulation for Bonded Granular Material Considering Rotation of Particles

Modelling the scale effect of granular media for strength and bearing capacity

“…Unfortunately, convergence of the finite element formulation with two kinematic fields is conditional to the orders of the selected shape functions for displacement and rotation (Hughes and Brezzi 1989). For this reason, a modified variational formulation was proposed to render unconditional convergence (Chang and Shi 2005). We have adopted this approach to implement the elasto-plastic model in the finite element method.…”

“…A mathematical definition of particle internal length was presented by Chang and Shi (2005) as the ratio of inter-particle rolling stiffness to the inter-particle compressive stiffness. The rolling resistance is influenced by many factors.…”

Preparation and characterization of Nano Ni–TiN coatings deposited by ultrasonic electrodeposition

“…Owing to the superiority of both traditional composite materials and modern nanomaterials, nanocomposite coatings have become the focus of widespread research [6][7][8][9][10]. Nanocomposite coatings can be prepared by several techniques, such as sputtering [9], ion implantation [10] and electrodeposition [11][12][13][14][15]. The electrodeposition process is relatively easy to control and can be used to incorporate a variety of ceramic particles into different metals, and thus is widely used.…”

Eight‐node membrane element with drilling degrees of freedom for analysis of in‐plane stiffness of thick floor plates

“…In recent years, elements with drilling degrees have widely been used to solve various engineering problems. This includes the transfer floor analysis with solid brick elements [1,2], dynamic behaviour of box girder bridges [3], thermo-mechanical coupling in folded plates [4], properties of bonded granular materials [5], and analysis of composite structures [6][7][8].…”