Mix design development of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete

Reddy, M. Srinivasula; Dinakar, P.; Rao, B. Hanumantha

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2018.09.010

Cited by 150 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It was detected that CFA contains minerals such as endellite, julgoldite, quartz, magnetite, troilite, and maghemite. The strongest peak intensities in this pattern were that of quartz which is a typical XRD pattern for coal fly ash similar to other studies [1,9]. On the other hand, NMW had diverse minerals identified, however, minerals that dominantly detected include silhydrite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, santafeite, dickite, sodalite, szymanskiite, nontronite, moganite, tridymite, quartz, ferrosaponite, chegemite, maghemite, and goethite.…”

Section: X-ray Diffractometer (Xrd)supporting

confidence: 84%

“…As properties of raw materials for geopolymer precursors could vary from one place to another, it is necessary to perform mix formulation studies to evaluate the potential application of such material for construction. For example, using fly ash and granulated blast furnace as precursors, the optimal rational mix design resulted in an improved compressive strength comparable to OPC ranging from 32 to 66 MPa [1]. A statistical mix design of experiment was also used to optimize the geopolymer properties from the ternary blend of red mud waste, rice husk ash, and diatomaceous earth [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Longos¹,

Tigue²,

Dollente³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Geopolymer cement has been popularly studied nowadays compared to ordinary Portland cement because it demonstrated superior environmental advantages due to its lower carbon emissions and waste material utilization. This paper focuses on the formulation of geopolymer cement from nickel-laterite mine waste (NMW) and coal fly ash (CFA) as geopolymer precursors, and sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) as alkali activators. Different mix formulations of raw materials are synthesized to produce a geopolymer based from an I-optimal design and obtained different compressive strengths. A mixed formulation of 50% NMW and 50% CFA, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.5, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.429 yielded the highest 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 22.10 ± 5.40 MPa. Furthermore, using an optimized formulation of 50.12% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.516, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.428, a UCS value of 36.30 ± 3.60 MPa was obtained. The result implies that the synthesized geopolymer material can be potentially used for concrete structures and pavers, pedestrian pavers, light traffic pavers, and plain concrete.

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Section: X-ray Diffractometer (Xrd)supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Longos¹,

Tigue²,

Dollente³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is primarily due to the usage of different precursor materials. Different industrial waste materials such as glass granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], Fly Ash (FA) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], and metakaolin (MT) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] have been used as source materials for developing geopolymer concrete, as reported by the researcher community. Geopolymer concretes are usually less workable, so much so that a nominal 90 mm slump is considered as necessary [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict Strength Characteristics of Fly-Ash and Bottom-Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete

et al. 2021

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Geopolymer concrete (GPC) offers a potential solution for sustainable construction by utilizing waste materials. However, the production and testing procedures for GPC are quite cumbersome and expensive, which can slow down the development of mix design and the implementation of GPC. The basic characteristics of GPC depend on numerous factors such as type of precursor material, type of alkali activators and their concentration, and liquid to solid (precursor material) ratio. To optimize time and cost, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be a lucrative technique for exploring and predicting GPC characteristics. In this study, the compressive strength of fly-ash based GPC with bottom ash as a replacement of fine aggregates, as well as fly ash, is predicted using a machine learning-based ANN model. The data inputs are taken from the literature as well as in-house lab scale testing of GPC. The specifications of GPC specimens act as input features of the ANN model to predict compressive strength as the output, while minimizing error. Fourteen ANN models are designed which differ in backpropagation training algorithm, number of hidden layers, and neurons in each layer. The performance analysis and comparison of these models in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of correlation (R) resulted in a Bayesian regularized ANN (BRANN) model for effective prediction of compressive strength of fly-ash and bottom-ash based geopolymer concrete.

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“…The rapid increase in construction activity has been observed to meet the ever-increasing infrastructure demands [1]. In most construction activities, cement-based concrete is an essential and very widely used material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been studied that this mine waste is a potential geopolymer precursor which enhances its cementitious activity after thermal and mechanical activations as product pretreatment [7]. There are studies that geopolymer precursors are combined, like fly ash and granulated blast furnace, and determined the optimal rational mix design [1] resulted in a compressive strength comparable to OPC ranging from 32 to 66 MPa. In another study of [8], it was reported that addition of fly ash to mine tailings (MT) resulted in a higher compressive strength than MT-based geopolymer and can be viable and promising construction material which can be tailored for different applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Longos¹,

Tigue²,

Dollente³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Geopolymer cement has been popularly studied nowadays compared to ordinary Portland cement but has demonstrated superior environmental advantages due to its lower carbon emissions and waste material utilization. Several studies on geopolymers have utilized various wastes like fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, rice husk, or a combination of these wastes. This paper presents a mix formulation design experiment to produce a geopolymer from nickel-laterite mine waste (NMW) and coal fly ash (CFA) as a geopolymer precursor, and sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) as alkali activators. An I-optimal design experiment is used to predict the compressive strength for all the mixture's possible formulations and identify optimal proportions to minimize the average variance of prediction. A mixed formulation run of 50% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.5, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.4286 yielded the highest 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 22.1±5.4 MPa. Furthermore, using an optimized formulation of 50.12% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.516, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.428, an actual UCS value of 36.26±3.6 MPa was obtained. The result implies that the synthesized geopolymer material can be potentially used for pedestrian pavers, light traffic pavers, plain concrete for leveling, building bricks, ceramic glazed facing brick, and fired clay bricks.

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Mix design development of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete

Cited by 150 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network Model to Predict Strength Characteristics of Fly-Ash and Bottom-Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

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