Mitral and Tufted Cells Differ in the Decoding Manner of Odor Maps in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

Nagayama, Shin; Takahashi, Yūji; Yoshihara, Yoshihiro; Mori, Kensaku

doi:10.1152/jn.01266.2003

Cited by 188 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…With a low spike threshold and a large tuning range in respect to odor concentration, tufted cells could be involved in odor intensity coding. With their extended lateral dendrites, MCs show a larger tuning range of lateral inhibition and processed dynamic activity patterns that may be relevant for input comparison and odor discrimination (Nagayama et al, 2004;Griff et al, 2008;Mori and Sakano, 2011). Since tufted cells remain intact in PCD mice (Greer and Shepherd, 1982;Recio et al, 2007), the severe impairment in both detection and discrimination suggest that odor intensity and identity are not conveyed by distinct output neuron categories but rather embedded in MC and tufted cell activity patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, morphological and electrophysiological characterization of MC and tufted cell populations suggest that both output neurons convey different aspects of odor information. Compared with MCs, tufted cells exhibit a much lower threshold of odor activation and a larger gain in respect to odor concentration, suggesting an important role for odor detection (Nagayama et al, 2004;Griff et al, 2008;Mori and Sakano, 2011). The specific loss of the MC population in adulthood makes the PCD mutant mouse an attractive model to test this conjecture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

Díaz

Lepousez²,

Gheusi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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Bone marrow contains heterogeneous cell types including end-lineage cells, committed tissue progenitors, and multipotent stem/progenitor cells. The immense plasticity of bone marrow cells allows them to populate diverse tissues such as the encephalon, and give rise to a variety of cell types. This unique plasticity makes bone marrow-derived cells good candidates for cell therapy aiming at restoring impaired brain circuits. In the present study, bone marrow cells were transplanted into P20 mice that exhibit selective olfactory degeneration in adulthood between P60 and P150. These animals, the so-called Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mutant mice, suffer from a progressive and specific loss of a subpopulation of principal neurons of the olfactory bulb, the mitral cells (MCs), sparing the other principal neurons, the tufted cells. As such, PCD mice constitute an interesting model to evaluate the specific role of MCs in olfaction and to test the restorative function of transplanted bone marrow-derived cells. Using precision olfactometry, we revealed that mutant mice lacking MCs exhibited a deficit in odorant detection and discrimination. Remarkably, the transplantation of wild-type bone marrowderived cells into irradiated PCD mutant mice generated a large population of microglial cells in the olfactory bulb and reduced the degenerative process. The alleviation of MC loss in transplanted mice was accompanied by functional recovery witnessed by significantly improved olfactory detection and enhanced odor discrimination. Together, these data suggest that: (1) bone marrow-derived cells represent an effective neuroprotective tool to restore degenerative brain circuits, and (2) MCs are necessary to encode odor concentration and odor identity in the mouse olfactory bulb.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

Díaz

Lepousez²,

Gheusi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…Glomeruli are considered to be functional units for olfactory coding (Buck, 1996;Hildebrand and Shepherd, 1997), and there is evidence that contiguous glomeruli interact (Kashiwadani et al, 1999;Lei et al, 2002;Nagayama et al, 2004). Inhibitory interactions are important in dynamically shaping the activity of output neurons in the OB (Friedrich and Laurent, 2004;Nagayama et al, 2004) and the AL (Vickers et al, 1998;Lei et al, 2002;Sachse and Galizia, 2002) and are thought to promote contrast enhancement of odor representations in the OB (Aungst et al, 2003;Nagayama et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhibitory interactions are important in dynamically shaping the activity of output neurons in the OB (Friedrich and Laurent, 2004;Nagayama et al, 2004) and the AL (Vickers et al, 1998;Lei et al, 2002;Sachse and Galizia, 2002) and are thought to promote contrast enhancement of odor representations in the OB (Aungst et al, 2003;Nagayama et al, 2004). In G35-PNs, as in MGC-PNs and LPOG-PNs, odor stimulation evokes responses consisting of both excitatory and inhibitory epochs (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory Selectivity of Output Neurons Innervating an Identified, Sexually Isomorphic Olfactory Glomerulus

Reisenman¹,

Christensen²,

Hildebrand³

2005

J. Neurosci.

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The antennal lobe (AL) of insects, like the olfactory bulb of vertebrates, is characterized by discrete modules of synaptic neuropil called glomeruli. In some insects (e.g., moths and cockroaches), a few glomeruli are sexually dimorphic and function in labeled lines for processing of sensory information about sex pheromones. Controversy still exists, however, about whether projection (output) neurons (PNs) of glomeruli in the main AL are also narrowly tuned. We examined this critical issue in the AL of the moth Manduca sexta. We used intracellular recording and staining techniques to investigate the chemosensory tuning of PNs innervating an identifiable, sexually isomorphic glomerulus, G35, in the main AL. We found that the morphological features and chemosensory tuning of G35-PNs were nearly identical in females and males. G35-PNs responded to low concentrations of the plant-derived volatile compound cis-3-hexenyl acetate (c3HA), but the sensitivity threshold of female PNs was lower than that of male PNs. The propionate and butyrate homologs of c3HA could evoke excitatory responses but only at moderate-to-high concentrations. Other plant volatiles did not evoke responses from G35-PNs. Moreover, PNs innervating glomeruli near G35 (in females) showed little or no response to c3HA. Female G35-PNs were hyperpolarized by (Ϯ)linalool, a compound that excites PNs in an adjacent glomerulus, thus providing evidence for lateral-inhibitory interactions between glomeruli. Our results show that PNs arborizing in an identified glomerulus in the main olfactory pathway are morphologically and physiologically equivalent in both sexes and have characteristic, limited molecular receptive ranges that are highly conserved across individuals.

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“…All experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Physiological Society of Japan and were approved by the Experimental Animal Research Committee of the University of Tokyo. Wistar rats (male, 280-350 g; Japan SLC) were anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/kg) and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus (SR-6R; Narishige) (29). Respiration was monitored with a strain gauge to measure chest movement (TR-651T; Nihon Kohden).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons in the anterior olfactory nucleus pars externa detect right or left localization of odor sources

Kikuta

Sato

Kashiwadani

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rodents can localize odor sources by comparing odor inputs to the right and left nostrils. However, the neuronal circuits underlying such odor localization are not known. We recorded neurons in the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) while administering odors to the ipsilateral or contralateral (ipsi-or contra-) nostril. Neurons in the AON pars externa (AONpE) showed respiration phase-locked excitatory spike responses to ipsinostril-only stimulation with a category of odorants, and inhibitory responses to contranostril-only stimulation with the same odorants. Simultaneous odor stimulation of the ipsi-and contranostrils elicited significantly smaller responses than ipsinostril-only stimulation, indicating that AONpE neurons subtract the contranostril odor inputs from ipsinostril odor inputs. An ipsilateral odor source induced larger responses than a centrally located source, whereas an odor source at the contralateral position elicited inhibitory responses. These results indicate that individual AONpE neurons can distinguish the right or left position of an odor source by referencing signals from the two nostrils.olfactory cortex | binasal inputs | odor localization

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Mitral and Tufted Cells Differ in the Decoding Manner of Odor Maps in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

Cited by 188 publications

References 35 publications

Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation Restores Olfaction in the Degenerated Olfactory Bulb

Chemosensory Selectivity of Output Neurons Innervating an Identified, Sexually Isomorphic Olfactory Glomerulus

Neurons in the anterior olfactory nucleus pars externa detect right or left localization of odor sources

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