Mitotic and apoptotic activity in colorectal neoplasia

Abstract

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. The aim of the prospective study was to evaluate mitosis and apoptosis of epithelial cells at each stage of colorectal neoplasia.MethodsA total of 61 persons were enrolled into the study: 18 patients with non-advanced colorectal adenoma (non-a-A), 13 patients with advanced colorectal adenoma (a-A), 13 patients with CRC and 17 controls: individuals with normal findings on colonoscopy. Biopsy samples were taken from pathology (patients) and healthy mucosa (patients and healthy controls). Samples were formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Mitotic and apoptotic activity were evaluated in lower and upper part of the crypts and in the superficial compartment. Apoptotic activity was also assessed using detection of activated caspase-3.ResultsIn controls, mitotic activity was present in lower part of crypts, accompanied with low apoptotic activity. Mitotic and apoptotic activity decreased (to almost zero) in upper part of crypts. In superficial compartment, increase in apoptotic activity was observed. Transformation of healthy mucosa into non-a-A was associated with significant increase of mitotic activity in lower and upper part of the crypts and with significant increase of apoptotic activity in all three compartments; p < 0.05. Transformation of non-a-A into a-A did not lead to any further significant increase in apoptotic activity, but was related to significant increase in mitotic activity in upper part of crypts and superficial compartment. A significant decrease in apoptotic activity was detected in all three comparments of CRC samples compared to a-A; p < 0.05. No differences in mitotic and apoptotic activity between biopsies in healthy controls and biopsy samples from healthy mucosa in patients with colorectal neoplasia were observed. Detection of activated caspase-3 confirmed the above findings in apoptotic activity.ConclusionsSignificant dysregulation of mitosis and apoptosis during the progression of colorectal neoplasia, corresponding with histology, was confirmed. In patients with sporadic colorectal neoplasia, healthy mucosa does not display different mitotic and apoptotic activity compared to mucosa in healthy controls and therefore adequate endoscopic/surgical removal of colorectal neoplasia is sufficient.

Identification of potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer by clinical database analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves analysis

“…Mitotic dysregulation and the cell cycle play an essential role in cancer progression. Kohoutova et al also demonstrated that apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitosis were significantly dysregulated during CRC tumor progression, [ 19 ] which is also in line with the findings of this study.…”

Escherichia coli from biopsies differ in virulence genes between patients with colorectal neoplasia and healthy controls

“…E. coli from patients with non-advanced adenoma differed from E. coli of healthy controls and patients with advanced adenoma/carcinoma in several tested determinants, including virulence factors and E. coli phylogroups ( Supplementary Table 3 ). As we showed in previous study, non-advanced adenomas were histologically different from both the healthy tissue and advanced adenomas ( Kohoutová et al, 2018 ). Moreover, differences in intestinal microbiota in the early stages of neoplasia were shown by Nakatsu et al (2015) .…”

Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking on the Molecular Mechanism of Jiawei-Huang Lian-Gan Jiang Decoction in the Treatment of Colorectal Adenomas

“…Dysregulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis is typical for a neoplastic process. Kohoutova et al demonstrated that mitosis and apoptosis are dysregulated in intestinal adenomas, and that this dysregulation is triggered by genetic alterations [ 56 ]. Among the top 30 results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway are the most relevant to CRA.…”