Mitophagy and Traumatic Brain Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a kind of external trauma-induced brain function alteration, has posed a financial burden on the public health system. TBI pathogenesis involves a complicated set of events, including primary and secondary injuries that can cause mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, a process in which defective mitochondria are specifically degraded, segregates and degrades defective mitochondria allowing a healthier mitochondrial network. Mitophagy ensures that mitochondria remain healthy during TBI, determining whether neurons live or die. Mitophagy acts as a critical regulator in maintaining neuronal survival and healthy. This review will discuss the TBI pathophysiology and the consequences of the damage it causes to mitochondria. This review article will explore the mitophagy process, its key factors, and pathways and reveal the role of mitophagy in TBI. Mitophagy will be further recognized as a therapeutic approach in TBI. This review will offer new insights into mitophagy’s role in TBI progression.

SENP1 facilitates OM-MSC differentiation through activating OPTN-mediated mitophagy to mitigate the neurologic impairment following ICH

“…Moreover, activation of mitophagy could reduce the damage caused by traumatic brain injury and improve neurological dysfunction. 24 Zheng et al. illustrated that the FUN14 domain-containing 1 (FUNDC1) protein inhibited NLRP3-regulated inflammation by promoting mitophagy after ICH in mice.…”

Overexpression of USP43 induces the growth and stem cell-like properties of cervical cancer by activating ERK1/2 through ZEB1

“…CC is the most prevalent type of gynecological malignancy, with most cases occurring in developing countries and accounting for approximately 85% of all CC cases worldwide [3]. Despite advancements in CC screening, the clinical treatment outcomes for advanced and complex cases remain unsatisfactory, leading to a poor prognosis [12,13]. In recent years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged as promising approaches for the treatment of advanced or recurrent CC due to advancements in modern molecular biology and genomics [6,14].…”

Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery with Photobiomodulation: Cellular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Potential

“…Mitophagy is a specific type of autophagy focused on the degradation and recycling of mitochondria. It helps to support the brain which is impaired during TBI [ 61 ] as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction [ 15 ]. By regulating ROS levels, PBM may enhance mitophagy, helping cells to remove dysfunctional mitochondria [ 62 ].…”

“…Autophagy and Lysosomal Dysfunction PBM can restore mitochondrial function and improve mitophagy by regulating autophagy and lysosomal activity [61][62][63][64].…”