Mitomycin-induced synthesis of a Shiga-like toxin from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli H.I.8

Yee, A. J.; Grandis, S De; Gyles, Carlton

doi:10.1128/iai.61.10.4510-4513.1993

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It was suggested that the RecA protein plays a key role in the underlying mechanism of mitomycin-induced toxin expression. However, Yee et al (63) recently reported that mitomycin caused induction of a chromosomally encoded SLT-IIva in the enteropathogenic E. coli strain H.I.8 that was lysogenic with a non-toxin-carrying bacteriophage. Recently, Fujii et al (13) also reported encephalopathy in mice induced by the SLT-IIv-producing E. coli O157:H Ϫ strain E32411/HSC following mitomycin treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of the Shiga-like toxin II operon in Escherichia coli

et al. 1996

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Investigations of the regulation of the bacteriophage-encoded Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II) in Escherichia coli demonstrated that bacteriophages exhibit a regulatory impact on toxin production by two mechanisms. Firstly, replication of the toxin-converting bacteriophages brings about an increase in toxin production due to concomitant multiplication of toxin gene copies. Secondly, an influence of a phage-encoded regulatory molecule was demonstrated by using low-copy-number plasmid pADR-28, carrying a translational gene fusion between the promoter and proximal portion of slt-IIA and the structural gene for bacterial alkaline phosphatase (phoA). PhoA activity, reflecting the slt-II promoter activity, was significantly enhanced in E. coli strains which had been lysogenized with an SLT-I-or SLT-II-converting bacteriophage (H-19B or 933W, respectively) or bacteriophage. Both mechanisms are dependent on bacteriophage induction and hence are recA dependent. Moreover, the study revealed that the DNA-binding protein H-NS has a regulatory impact on both bacteriophage-mediated SLT-II synthesis and the activity of the slt-II promoter of plasmid pADR-28. While a slight impact of growth temperature on SLT-II expression was observed, no impact of either osmolarity, pH, oxygen tension, acetates, iron level, or utilized carbon source could be demonstrated.

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of the Shiga-like toxin II operon in Escherichia coli

et al. 1996

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“…Additionally, whole genome sequence analysis revealed the presence of phages l and SfII, as well as two additional prophages identified as Fels2 and phi4795, in the genome of E. coli MC185. To determine whether the prophages identified in E. coli MC185 could be induced, cells were exposed to different subinhibitory concentrations of mitomycin C, a potent prophage inducer (Mmolawa et al, 2002;Yee et al, 1993). After 1.5 h, a decrease in OD 600 was already observed at some concentrations of mitomycin C (i.e.…”

Section: Mitomycin C Induces Prophages Within E Coli Resulting In Cementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, subinhibitory concentrations of mitomycin C and streptonigrin were used as inducers and were shown to effectively induce multiple prophages within E. coli, S. Typhimurium and S. Newport, and consequently led to cell lysis of the bacterial host. Mitomycin C, an antibiotic that inhibits DNA synthesis via intercalation and adduct formation (Iyer & Szybalski, 1963, 1964Tomasz & Palom, 1997), has been reported to be a potent prophage inducer capable of inducing a wide range of phages in various foodborne bacterial pathogens including E. coli, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, and Staphylococcus aureus among others (Cao et al, 2012;Gerner-Smidt et al, 1993;Gervasi et al, 2013;Horgan et al, 2010;Lan et al, 2009;Mmolawa et al, 2002;Pryshliak et al, 2014;Wallin-Carlquist et al, 2010;Yee et al, 1993). Streptonigrin is another antibiotic shown to induce prophages in bacteria (Levine & Borthwick, 1963;Muschel & Schmoker, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once integrated, prophages remain dormant until the cell experiences some form of stress, which will then induce the phages to activate their lytic cycle, replicate and lyse their host cell (Oppenheim, Kobiler, Stavans, Court, & Adhya, 2005). Different forms of stress that have been reported to induce prophages include hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet light, and antibiotics, such as mitomycin C and streptonigrin (Cao et al, 2012;Gerner-Smidt, Rosdahl, & Frederiksen, 1993;Gervasi, Curto, Narbad, & Mayer, 2013;Horgan et al, 2010;Lan et al, 2009;Levine & Borthwick, 1963;Los, Los, Wegrzyn, & Wegrzyn, 2010;McDonnell, 2014;Mmolawa, Willmore, Thomas, & Heuzenroeder, 2002;Muschel & Schmoker, 1966;Pryshliak, Hammerl, Reetz, Strauch, & Hertwig, 2014;Wallin-Carlquist et al, 2010;Wormser & Pardee, 1957;Yee, De Grandis, & Gyles, 1993). In this study, cell lysis through induction of prophages was investigated as a novel approach to control bacterial pathogens on fresh produce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prophage induction reduces Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella enterica on tomatoes and spinach: A model study

et al. 2018

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Fresh produce is increasingly implicated in foodborne outbreaks and most fresh produce is consumed raw, emphasizing the need to develop non-thermal methods to control foodborne pathogens. This study investigates bacterial cell lysis through induction of prophages as a novel approach to control foodborne bacterial pathogens on fresh produce. Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella enterica isolates were exposed to different prophage inducers (i.e. mitomycin C or streptonigrin) and growth of the cells was monitored by measuring the optical density (OD 600) during incubation at 37 C. Beginning at three hours after addition of the inducer, all concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 mg/mL) of mitomycin C, or 2 mg/mL streptonigrin significantly reduced the OD 600 in broth cultures, in a concentration dependent manner, relative to cultures where no inducer was added. PCR confirmed bacterial release of induced bacteriophages and demonstrated that a single compound could successfully induce multiple types of prophages. The ability of mitomycin C to induce prophages in STEC O157:H7 and in S. enterica (serovars Typhimurium and Newport) on fresh produce was evaluated by inoculating red greenhouse tomatoes or spinach leaves with 5 Â 10 7 and 5 Â 10 8 colony forming units, respectively. After allowing time for the inoculum to dry on the fresh produce samples, 6 mg/mL mitomycin C was sprayed onto each sample, while control samples were sprayed with water. Following overnight incubation at 4 C, the bacterial cells were recovered and plate counts were performed. A 3 log reduction in STEC O157:H7 cells was observed on tomatoes sprayed with mitomycin C compared to those sprayed with water, while a 1 log reduction was obtained on spinach. Similarly, spraying mitomycin C on tomatoes and spinach inoculated with S. enterica isolates resulted in a 1-1.5 log and 2 log reduction, respectively. These findings serve as a proof of concept that prophage induction can effectively control bacterial foodborne pathogens on fresh produce.

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“…Bacteriophages were induced from S . Infantis strains by methodologies described previously (Gemski et al , 1978; Miller, 1987; Yee et al , 1993). Briefly, 5 mL of an overnight brain heart infusion (BHI) broth culture was diluted 10 −2 with fresh BHI broth and incubated for 3 h at 37 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of three molecular typing methods for the discrimination ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis

Ross

Heuzenroeder

2008

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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Seventy-six epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple amplification of phage loci typing (MAPLT) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). PFGE, using the restriction endonuclease XbaI, generated 23 different profiles for the 76 isolates (DI=0.848). MAPLT was undertaken using a combination of 11 primer sets based on bacteriophage sequences and generated 28 different profiles (DI=0.938). By contrast, MLVA only produced nine profiles (DI=0.668) with 13 different primer sets, including the five primer sets routinely used for S. Typhimurium typing. Reducing the number of MAPLT primer sets to four still provided a diversity index of 0.838. All three typing methods revealed two distinct lineages of S. Infantis, with most isolates demonstrating genetic traits of either lineage but not both. The results demonstrate that MAPLT can potentially provide greater discrimination and separation of S. Infantis isolates than both PFGE and MLVA. Furthermore, MAPLT data can be generated much more rapidly and with reduced labour input than PFGE and without the need for expensive PFGE electrophoresis equipment, nor does it require capillary sequencing of PCR fragments to accurately determine PCR fragment lengths as is the case with MLVA.

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Mitomycin-induced synthesis of a Shiga-like toxin from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli H.I.8

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Regulation of the Shiga-like toxin II operon in Escherichia coli

Regulation of the Shiga-like toxin II operon in Escherichia coli

Prophage induction reduces Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella enterica on tomatoes and spinach: A model study

A comparison of three molecular typing methods for the discrimination ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis

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