Mitogenomics of five Olidiana leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) and their phylogenetic implications

Abstract

Similar morphological characteristics and limited molecular data of Olidiana resulted in their unknown phylogenetic statuses and equivocal relationships. To further understand the genus Olidiana, we sequenced and annotated five Olidiana complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes). Our results show that Olidiana mitogenomes range from 15,205 bp to 15,993 bp in length and include 37 typical genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) and a control region. Their nucleotide composition, codon usage, features of control region, and tRNA secondary structures are similar to other members of Cicadellidae. We constructed the phylogenetic tree of Cicadellidae using the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods based on all valid mitogenome sequences. The most topological structure of the obtained phylogenetic tree is consistent. Our results support the monophyletic relationships among 10 subfamilies within Cicadellidae and confirm Iassinae and Coelidiinae to be sister groups with high approval ratings. Interestingly, Olidiana was inferred as a paraphyletic group with strong support via both ML and BI analyses. These complete mitogenomes of five Olidiana species could be useful in further studies for species diagnosis, evolution, and phylogeny research within Cicadellidae.

Structural features of the mitogenome of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) and phylogenetic implications in Cicadellidae

“…Only four genes ( nad5 , nad4 , nad4l , and nad1 ) are present on the N‐strand. The other nine genes ( cox1 , cox2 , cox3 , atp8 , atp6 , nad2 , nad3 , nad6 , and cob ) are located on the J‐strand (Figure 1 , Table 1 ), which is similar to the mitogenome structure of most other Coelidiinae insects (Wang et al., 2017 , 2021 ; Wang, Wang, et al., 2019 ).…”

“…robusta mitogenomes were identified; they ranged from 57 to 68 bp in length. Among the tRNA genes, 14 are located on the J‐strand and 8 on the N‐strand, which is the coding pattern observed in almost all Cicadellidae mitogenomes (Du, Zhang, et al., 2017 ; Du et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2017 , 2018 , 2020 , 2021 ; Wang, Wang, et al., 2019 ). The 22 tRNA genes in the two Cladolidia species were identified, and their secondary structures are shown in Figure 4 .…”

“…These two mitogenomes of Cladolidia contain 10 nucleotides that are dispersed among six intergenic spacers (ranging from 1 to 4 bp), and the longest spacer sequence (4 bp) is located between trnH and nad5 , trnA , and trnR . There are a total of 14 overlapping regions (ranging from 1 to 11 bp), and the conserved 11‐bp overlapping nucleotide sequence between trnW and trnC is extremely common in Cicadellidae (Du, Zhang, et al., 2017 ; Du et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2017 , 2018 , 2020 , 2021 ; Wang, Wang, et al., 2019 ).…”

“…The most frequently used codon is AUA (Met, N = 367), followed by AUU (Ile, N = 340), UUA (Leu, N = 333), and UUU (Phe, N = 290). However, in previous studies, the most frequently used codon was UUU (Phe) (Wang et al., 2017 , 2021 ; Wang, Wang, et al., 2019 ). Moreover, the majority of frequently used codons end with A or U (Figure 2 ).…”

“…Most of these organisms belong to the following subfamilies: Deltocephalinae (58), Cicadellinae (18), and Typhlocybinae (29). However, despite its vast diversity (>1,400 species), knowledge on the mitogenome of Coelidiinae is limited (Li & Fan, 2017 ; Nielson, 2015 ; Viraktamath & Meshram, 2019 ; Wang et al., 2018 , 2021 ; Wang, Fan, et al., 2019 ; Zhang, 1990 ). Therefore, sequencing the mitogenomes of Coelidiinae may help enrich population genetics and phylogenetic studies regarding Cicadellidae (Hemiptera).…”