Mitogenic lectins from Cephalosporium curvulum (CSL) and Aspergillus oryzae (AOL) mediate host–pathogen interactions leading to mycotic keratitis

Ballal, Suhas; Belur, Shivakumar; Laha, Preeti; Roy, Sanhita; Swamy, Bale M.

doi:10.1007/s11010-017-3050-9

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Mycotoxins can be produced to promote fungal survival in the host [ 33 ]. Lectins can inhibit host cell growth and weaken the physical integrity of epithelial cells [ 34 ]. Consequently, early elimination of the hyphae present in the corneal tissue is critical to the patient's prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Voriconazole Corneal Intrastromal Injection for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis

Pang

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To evaluate efficacy and safety of novel tricyclic corneal stroma injection (TCSI) voriconazole for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Methods. This retrospective cohort study included data of 57 patients (57 eyes) with fungal keratitis. The TCSI group consisted of 27 patients (27 eyes) who were injected voriconazole once via TCSI procedure within one week after enrollment, in addition to conventional antifungal treatment. The control group consisted of 30 patients (30 eyes) who were treated using conventional antifungal treatment modalities. The outcome measures consist of the 3-week and 3-month best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values and size of infiltrate or scar, time to re-epithelialization, corneal perforation rate and/or therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) requirement, the preoperative and post-TCSI corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), and the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the treated eye and the respective contralateral eye. Results. There were no significant differences in the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups. 3 weeks and 3 months after enrollment, the TCSI group exhibited an increase in visual acuity ( P < 0.05 ), and there was no significant difference in the size of infiltrate or scar between two groups ( P > 0.05 ). Time to re-epithelialization was shorter in the TCSI group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant difference between corneal ECD on the day before and 7 days after TCSI and the IOP of treated and contralateral healthy eyes on the day before and 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 1 month after TCSI ( P > 0.05 ). The difference in the risk of perforation and/or TPK requirement was not statistically significant between two groups ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Localized injection of voriconazole using TCSI may be a minimally invasive, safe, and effective adjuvant treatment modality for fungal keratitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Voriconazole Corneal Intrastromal Injection for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis

Pang

et al. 2021

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…produce acidic, neutral, and carboxyl proteases, which increase the invasive ability of a fungus [ 42 ]. Lectines in their turn suppress the growth of the corneal cells and destroy the cellular structure of the epithelium [ 43 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Technologies in Diagnosis of Fungal Keratitis (Review)

Sitnova¹,

Svetozarskiy²

2023

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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Traumas and infectious diseases of the eye play a leading role in the development of corneal blindness responsible for 1.5–2 million cases of vision loss per year. To date, the issue of reducing the incidence of fungal keratitis is acute and needs to be solved worldwide. Trauma as a risk factor for corneal fungal disease is thought to be prevalent in developing countries due to agricultural involvement, while in developed countries the onset of the disease is predisposed by medical advances such as contact vision correction and modern ophthalmic surgery. Thorough analysis of the pathogenesis gives the possibility to describe the action of fungal enzymes, biofilm formation, and the resistance mechanism, which on the one hand explains the aggressive course of the disease and difficulties in its diagnosis, and on the other hand, it encourages searching for new methods of diagnosis and treatment. The non-specific clinical picture of fungal keratitis, the variety and availability of antibiotics nowadays become an obstacle for rapid detection of this pathology. Low public awareness and late visit to an ophthalmologist are also a barrier to successful combating the increasing incidence of fungal keratitis. Belated diagnosis, increasing resistance of fungi to antibiotics, and lack of registered antifungal ophthalmic drugs justify poor treatment efficacy resulting in decreased visual acuity or vision loss . Existing diagnostic methods need systematization and detailed comparison, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review considers causative agents and their influence on pathogenesis of the disease, describes difficulties of fungal keratitis diagnosis and possible ways of overcoming these problems using new developments, and also outlines further prospects of research in this direction.

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“…A number of interactions with host cells are known to lead to pathogen internalization, but the studies describing this invasion process remain scarce ( 41 ). Studies in corneal epithelium have revealed that Cephalosporium curvulum and Aspergillus oryzae use fucose-specific lectins to gain access to the host cell surface and, subsequently, promote infection and disease ( 42 ). It is worth noting here that a significant number of terminal and core fucose structures are present in the differentiated corneal epithelial glycocalyx, which could facilitate this type of interaction ( 43 ).…”

Section: The Glycocalyx In Ocular Surface Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epithelial Cell Glycocalyx in Ocular Surface Infection

2021

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The glycocalyx is the main component of the transcellular barrier located at the interface between the ocular surface epithelia and the external environment. This barrier extends up to 500 nm from the plasma membrane and projects into the tear fluid bathing the surface of the eye. Under homeostatic conditions, defense molecules in the glycocalyx, such as transmembrane mucins, resist infection. However, many pathogenic microorganisms have evolved to exploit components of the glycocalyx in order to gain access to epithelial cells and consequently exert deleterious effects. This manuscript reviews the implications of the ocular surface epithelial glycocalyx to bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infection. Moreover, it presents some ongoing controversies surrounding the functional relevance of the epithelial glycocalyx to ocular infectious disease.

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Mitogenic lectins from Cephalosporium curvulum (CSL) and Aspergillus oryzae (AOL) mediate host–pathogen interactions leading to mycotic keratitis

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Efficacy of Voriconazole Corneal Intrastromal Injection for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis

Efficacy of Voriconazole Corneal Intrastromal Injection for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis

Modern Technologies in Diagnosis of Fungal Keratitis (Review)

The Epithelial Cell Glycocalyx in Ocular Surface Infection

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