Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways and Fungal Pathogenesis

Zhao, Xinhua; Mehrabi, Rahim; Xu, Jin‐Rong

doi:10.1128/ec.00216-07

Cited by 332 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…It was reported that ultrasound mediates the metabolism of mouse cells through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway [40]. MAPKs have also been characterized in different plant and fungi and appear to function coordinately to regulate the transcription factors and the expression of specific sets of genes in response to environmental stress [41,42]. Putative MAPKs have been found in the gene sequence of T. versicolor [43].…”

Section: Effect Of the Ultrasonic Treatments On The Expression Of Lccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-intensified laccase production from Trametes versicolor

Wang

Chen

et al. 2013

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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a b s t r a c tAn efficient intermittent ultrasonic treatment strategy was developed to improve laccase production from Trametes versicolor mycelia cultures. The optimized strategy consisted of exposing 2-day-old mycelia cultures to 5-min ultrasonic treatments for two times with a 12-h interval at the fixed ultrasonic power and frequency (120 W, 40 kHz). After 5 days of culture, this strategy produced the highest extracellular laccase activity of 588.9 U/L among all treatments tested which was 1.8-fold greater than the control without ultrasound treatment. The ultrasonic treatment resulted in a higher pellet porosity that facilitated the mass transfer of nutrients and metabolites from the pellets to the surrounding liquid. Furthermore, the ultrasonic treatment induced the expression of the laccase gene (lcc), which correlated with a sharp increase in both extracellular and intracellular laccase activity. This is the first study to find positive effects of ultrasound on gene expression in fungal cells. These results provide a basis for understanding the stimulation of metabolite production and process intensification by ultrasonic treatment in filamentous fungal culture.

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Section: Effect Of the Ultrasonic Treatments On The Expression Of Lccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-intensified laccase production from Trametes versicolor

Wang

Chen

et al. 2013

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…Core elements of MAPK and calcium signalling pathways are required for virulence in a wide array of fungal pathogens of plants and mammals (Kraus and Heitman, 2003;Lee et al, 2003;Lengeler et al, 2000;Zhao et al, 2007). Such a degree of functional conservation is remarkable, considering the taxonomic and biological diversity among these pathogens, but also raises a number of questions regarding the specific role of these pathways in fungal infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of MAP kinase and calcium–calcineurin signalling components in plant and human pathogenic fungi

Rispail

Soanes

Ant

et al. 2009

Fungal Genetics and Biology

276

281

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a b s t r a c tMitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and the calcium-calcineurin pathway control fundamental aspects of fungal growth, development and reproduction. Core elements of these signalling pathways are required for virulence in a wide array of fungal pathogens of plants and mammals. In this review, we have used the available genome databases to explore the structural conservation of three MAPK cascades and the calcium-calcineurin pathway in ten different fungal species, including model organisms, plant pathogens and human pathogens. While most known pathway components from the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae appear to be widely conserved among taxonomically and biologically diverse fungi, some of them were found to be restricted to the Saccharomycotina. The presence of multiple paralogues in certain species such as the zygomycete Rhizopus oryzae and the incorporation of new functional domains that are lacking in S. cerevisiae signalling proteins, most likely reflect functional diversification or adaptation as filamentous fungi have evolved to occupy distinct ecological niches.

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“…Expression of these virulence functions is controlled by a network of cellular pathways that respond to signals encountered during host infection. A conserved mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade homologous to the yeast mating and filamentation cascade is essential for pathogenicity in a wide range of plant pathogens (Xu and Hamer, 1996;Zhao et al, 2007). The orthologous MAPK Fmk1 is required for plant infection in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum, a soil-borne pathogen that attacks a wide range of economically important crops (Di Pietro et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nitrogen Response Pathway Regulates Virulence Functions in Fusarium oxysporum via the Protein Kinase TOR and the bZIP Protein MeaB

et al. 2010

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During infection, fungal pathogens activate virulence mechanisms, such as host adhesion, penetration and invasive growth. In the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum, the mitogen-activated protein kinase Fmk1 is required for plant infection and controls processes such as cellophane penetration, vegetative hyphal fusion, or root adhesion. Here, we show that these virulence-related functions are repressed by the preferred nitrogen source ammonium and restored by treatment with L-methionine sulfoximine or rapamycin, two specific inhibitors of Gln synthetase and the protein kinase TOR, respectively. Deletion of the bZIP protein MeaB also resulted in nitrogen source-independent activation of virulence mechanisms. Activation of these functions did not require the global nitrogen regulator AreA, suggesting that MeaB-mediated repression of virulence functions does not act through inhibition of AreA. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) supplied with ammonium rather than nitrate showed a significant reduction in vascular wilt symptoms when infected with the wild type but not with the DmeaB strain. Nitrogen source also affected invasive growth in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and the wheat head blight pathogen Fusarium graminearum. We propose that a conserved nitrogen-responsive pathway might operate via TOR and MeaB to control virulence in plant pathogenic fungi.

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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways and Fungal Pathogenesis

Cited by 332 publications

References 160 publications

Ultrasound-intensified laccase production from Trametes versicolor

Ultrasound-intensified laccase production from Trametes versicolor

Comparative genomics of MAP kinase and calcium–calcineurin signalling components in plant and human pathogenic fungi

A Nitrogen Response Pathway Regulates Virulence Functions in Fusarium oxysporum via the Protein Kinase TOR and the bZIP Protein MeaB

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