Mitofusin 1 overexpression rescues the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics caused by the Mitofusin 2 K357T mutation in vitro

Abstract

Background and aimsMitofusin 1 (MFN1) and MFN2 are outer mitochondrial membrane fusogenic proteins regulating mitochondrial network morphology. MFN2 mutations cause Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), an axonal neuropathy characterized by mitochondrial fusion defects, which in the case of a GTPase domain mutant, were rescued following wild‐type MFN1/2 (MFN1/2WT) overexpression. In this study, we compared the therapeutic efficiency between MFN1WT and MFN2WT overexpression in correcting mitochondrial defects induced by the novel MFN2K357T mutation located in the highly conserved R3 region.MethodsConstructs expressing either MFN2K357T, MFN2WT, or MFN1WT under the ubiquitous chicken β‐actin hybrid (CBh) promoter were generated. Flag or myc tag was used for their detection. Differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells were single transfected with MFN1WT, MFN2WT, or MFN2K357T, as well as double transfected with MFN2K357T/MFN2WT or MFN2K357T/MFN1WT.ResultsSH‐SY5Y cells transfected with MFN2K357T exhibited severe perinuclear mitochondrial clustering with axon‐like processes devoid of mitochondria. Single transfection with MFN1WT resulted in a more interconnected mitochondrial network than transfection with MFN2WT, accompanied by mitochondrial clusters. Double transfection of MFN2K357T with either MFN1WT or MFN2WT resolved the mutant‐induced mitochondrial clusters and led to detectable mitochondria throughout the axon‐like processes. MFN1WT showed higher efficacy than MFN2WT in rescuing these defects.InterpretationThese results further demonstrate the higher potential of MFN1WT over MFN2WT overexpression to rescue CMT2A‐induced mitochondrial network abnormalities due to mutations outside the GTPase domain. This higher phenotypic rescue conferred by MFN1WT, possibly due to its higher mitochondrial fusogenic ability, may be applied to different CMT2A cases regardless of the MFN2 mutation type.

Charcot–Marie‐Tooth type 2A in vivo models: Current updates

“…Indeed, in vitro studies have demonstrated that MFN1 has the capacity to compensate for the loss of MFN2, safeguarding against mitochondrial fusion and transport defects induced by mutations in MFN2. 5 , 76 These data have been also confirmed in the Thy1.2‐MFN2R94Q transgenic mice expressing the point mutant R94Q on MFN2 specifically in neurons under the Thy1.2 promoter. 50 , 77 These mice recapitulate a range of neurological features observed in CMT2A.…”