Mitochondrial proliferation in synchronized cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis

Kolb-Bachofen, Victoria; Vogell, W.

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(75)90535-2

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A constant mitochondrial to cytoplasmic volume ratio during the growth cycle has been a consistent finding in studies on mitochondrial growth and division in lower eukaryotic organisms. Mean values of -12, 14, and 11% have been reported in Neurospora (17), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (15), and Tetrahyrnena (19), respectively, compared with -11% in the present study. Thus, the proportionate growth of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic volumes during the cell cycle appears to be a widespread phenomenon.…”

Section: Continuous Growth and Division Of Mitochondria During The Cecontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…Thus, the proportionate growth of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic volumes during the cell cycle appears to be a widespread phenomenon. In the Neurospora (17) and Tetrahymena (19) studies, as well as in a study on Schizosaccharomyces pornbe (31), morphometric data of other kinds (e.g., variations in mean mitochondrial profile area or in the number of profiles per cell section) were interpreted to indicate that the division of mitochondria occurs in a restricted part of the cell cycle in these organisms. In addition, cytological evidence of a change in mitochondrial shape during the cell cycle was obtained in these studies (17,19,31).…”

Section: Continuous Growth and Division Of Mitochondria During The Cementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigations of the temporal behavior of mitochondrial growth and division have centered largely on lower eukaryotes. In Neurospora (17), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (15), and Tetrahymena (19), the mitochondrial to cytoplasmic volume ratio was found to be essentially constant in different stages of the growth cycle, implying a continuous increase in the volume of the mitochondrial complement. The evidence obtained in the Neurospora (17) and Tetrahymena (19) studies, as well as in a study of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (31), was interpreted to indicate that the division of mitochondria, by contrast, occurs within a restricted portion of the cell cycle in these 1 The physical mechanism of mitochondrial replication is not understood in detail, but the evidence from studies on Neurospora (23,24,25), Tetrahymena (32), and HeLa cells (41) indicates that the number of mitochondria in growing cells increases by division of preexisting organeUes, and that mitochondrial membranes grow by the addition of new components to old structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Mitochondrial growth and division during the cell cycle in HeLa cells

Posakony¹,

England²,

Attardi³

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

170

130

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The growth and division of mitochondria during the cell cycle was investigated by a morphometric analysis of electron micrographs of synchronized HeLa cells. The ratio of total outer membrane contour length to cytoplasmic area did not vary significantly during the cell cycle, implying a continuous growth of the mitochondrial outer membrane. The mean fraction of cytoplasmic area occupied by mitochondrial profiles was likewise found to remain constant, indicating that the increase in total mitochondrial volume per ceil occurs continuously during interphase, in such a way that the mitochondrial complement occupies a constant fraction (-10-11%) of the volume of the cytoplasm. The mean area, outer membrane contour length, and axis ratio of the mitochondrial profiles also did not vary appreciably during the cell cycle; furthermore, the close similarity of the frequency distributions of these parameters for the six experimental time-points suggested a stable mitochondrial shape distribution. The constancy of both the mean mitochondrial profile area and the number of mitochondrial profiles per unit of cytoplasmic area was interpreted to indicate the continuous division of mitochondria at the level of the cell population. Furthermore, no evidence was found for the occurrence of synchronous mitochondrial growth and division within individual cells. Thus, it appears that, in HeLa cells, there is no fixed temporal relationship between the growth and division of mitochondria and the events of the cell cycle.A number of statistical methods were developed for the purpose of making numerical estimates of certain three-dimensional cellular and mitochondrial parameters. Mean cellular and cytoplasmic volumes were calculated for the six timepoints; both exhibited a nonlinear, approx, twofold increase. A comparison of the axis ratio distributions of the mitochondrial profiles with theoretical distributions expected from random sectioning of bodies of various three-dimensional shapes allowed the derivation of an "average" mitochondrial shape. This, in turn, permitted calculations to be made which expressed the two-dimensional results in three-dimensional terms. Thus, the estimated values for the number of mitochondria per unit of cytoplasmic volume and for the mean mitochondrial volume were found to remain constant during the cell cycle, while the estimated number of mitochondria per cell increased approx, twofold in an essentially continuous manner. 468

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Section: Continuous Growth and Division Of Mitochondria During The Cecontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Continuous Growth and Division Of Mitochondria During The Cementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Mitochondrial growth and division during the cell cycle in HeLa cells

Posakony¹,

England²,

Attardi³

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

170

130

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“…Using morphometry, a synchronous mitochondrial division was found to occur in heat-shock synchronized Tetruhyrnenu cells during late S phase (Kolb-Bachofen and Vogell, 1975). The total mitochondrial area per cytoplasmic area remained constant throughout the cycle, suggesting a strong correlation between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial volume.…”

Section: Fusion and Fission O F Mitochondria The Paper Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of mitochondria in living cells: Shape changes, dislocations, fusion, and fission of mitochondria

Bereiter‐Hahn

Vöth

1994

Microscopy Res & Technique

782

496

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Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles which are endowed with the ability to change their shape (e.g., by elongation, shortening, branching, buckling, swelling) and their location inside a living cell. In addition they may fuse or divide. These dynamics are discussed. Dislocation of mitochondria may result from their interaction with elements of the cytoskeleton, with microtubules in particular, and from processes intrinsic to the mitochondria themselves. Morphological criteria and differences in the fate of some mitochondria argue for the presence of more than one mitochondrial population in some animal cells. Whether these reflect genetic differences remains obscure. Emphasis is laid on the methods for visualizing mitochondria in cells and following their behaviour. Fluorescence methods provide unique possibilities because of their high resolving power and because some of the mitochondria-specific fluorochromes can be used to reveal the membrane potential. Fusion and fission often occur in short time intervals within the same group of mitochondria. At sites of fusion of two mitochondria material of the inner membrane, the matrix compartment seems to accumulate. The original arrangement of the fusion partners is maintained for some minutes. Fission is a dynamic event which, like fusion, in most cases observed in vertebrate cell cultures is not a straight forward process but rather requires several "trials" until the division finally occurs. Regarding fusion and fission hitherto unpublished phase contrast micrographs, and electron micrographs have been included.

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“…Recent studies with quantitative morphometric methods have demonstrated that morphological changes in mitochondria occur throughout the mitochondrial division cycle (6,10,14,15). Mitochondrial biogenesis must involve not only increased volume and separation of the mitochondrial matrix and cristae, but also duplication and distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Physarum polycephalum. VI. Synthesis and Distribution of Mitochondrial DNA as Revealed by Light Microscope Autoradiography

Kawano

Kuroiwa

1977

Cell Struct. Funct.

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ABSTRACT. The synthesis and distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) were studied by light microscope autoradiography in the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum. Mitochondria pre-labeled with 3H-thymidine TdR) for 3 h during early mitochondrial S phase (mS) and incubated in nonradioactive medium showed elongated shapes that developed to dumbbellshaped, and the latter form of mitochondria divided. The incorporation of 3H-TdR into mitochondria occurred during mitochondrial growth but terminated before development to dumbbell-shapes, suggesting that they synthesized mtDNA during a limited period of mitochondrial division cycle. In addition, mitochondrial grains counts were reduced remarkably to about half during the late nuclear S phase, suggesting that Physarum mitochondria divided semisynchronously during late nuclear S phase. The distribution of mtDNA prelabeled during early or late mS was determined by the grain distribution of (a) labeling of both poles of dumbbell-shaped mitochondria, and (b) labeling of daughter mitochondria. The results indicated that mtDNA was distributed equally to daughter mitochondria, regardless of time of mtDNA replication.

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Mitochondrial proliferation in synchronized cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Mitochondrial growth and division during the cell cycle in HeLa cells

Mitochondrial growth and division during the cell cycle in HeLa cells

Dynamics of mitochondria in living cells: Shape changes, dislocations, fusion, and fission of mitochondria

Studies on Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Physarum polycephalum. VI. Synthesis and Distribution of Mitochondrial DNA as Revealed by Light Microscope Autoradiography

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