Mitochondrial phylogeography, intraspecific diversity and phenotypic convergence in the four‐lined snake (Reptilia, Squamata)

Kornilios, Panagiotis; Thanou, Evanthia; Lymberakis, Petros; Sindaco, Roberto; Liuzzi, Cristiano; Giokas, Sinos

doi:10.1111/zsc.12045

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790) is an endemic European species with a disjunct areal comprising the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas (Sindaco et al 2013). This species comprises several morphologically distinct subspecies that more or less correspond to published molecular phylogeny based on mtDNA (Kornilios et al 2014); these authors observed the highest genetic diversity in the Aegean region. On the other hand, populations from continental Balkans formed same phylogenetic clade as those from Italy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Complete mitochondrial genome of the four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790)

Jablonski

Šoltýs

Simonov

2019

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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Here, we present complete mitochondrial genome of the four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790) and its comparison with closely related E. sauromates (Pallas, 1814). The complete sequence of the mitogenome is 17,183 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA and 22 tRNA genes, and two control regions. It possesses the same gene order as other mitogenomes of Elaphe spp. and the base composition is as follows: 35.0% (A), 26.7% (C), 25.6% (T), and 12.7% (G), with an A þ T bias (60.6%). The presented mitogenome will provide new data for phylogenetic analysis within phylogenetically close western Palearctic species of the genus Elaphe.

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

Complete mitochondrial genome of the four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790)

Jablonski

Šoltýs

Simonov

2019

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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“…); Tuniyev et al, 2009: 80 (part. ); Arakelyan et al, 2011: 88; Kornilios et al, 2014: 149 (part. ); Wallach, Williams & Boundy, 2014: 263 (part.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based solely on genetic distances between the two taxa, Helfenberger (2001) and Lenk, Joger & Wink (2001) proposed their split into two sister species, which has been largely accepted. The distribution of both species is parapatric (Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco, 2013; Kornilios et al, 2014). While E. quatuorlineata and E. sauromates are clearly and easily distinguishable, mainly based on adult pattern and coloration (Böhme & Ščerbak, 1993; Schulz, 1996), E. urartica sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cf. quatuorlineata , presumably belonging to E. sauromates s. l., are known from the Early-Middle Pleistocene of the Balkans, Transcaucasia, and central Anatolia (Szyndlar, 1984, 1991; Venczel & Şen, 1994; Venczel, 2000; Venczel & Várdai, 2000; Kornilios et al, 2014; Wallach, Williams & Boundy, 2014; Blain et al, 2014; Blain, 2016). In addition, Elaphe aff.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The biogeography ofElaphe sauromates(Pallas, 1814), with a description of a new rat snake species

Jablonski

Kukushkin

Avcı

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Background The rat snake genus Elaphe once comprised several dozens of species distributed in temperate through tropical zones of the New and Old World. Based on molecular-genetic analyses in early 2000s, the genus was split into several separate genera, leaving only 15 Palearctic and Oriental species as its members. One of the three species also occurring in Europe is Elaphe sauromates, a robust snake from the Balkans, Anatolia, Caucasus, Ponto-Caspian steppes, and Levant that has been suspected to be composed of two or more genetically diverse populations. Here, we studied the genetic structure and morphological variation of E. sauromates, aiming to better understand its inter-population relationships and biogeography, and subsequently revise its taxonomy. Methods We reconstructed the phylogeography and analyzed the genetic structure of E. sauromates populations originating from most of its geographic range using both mitochondrial (COI, ND4) and nuclear (C-MOS, MC1R, PRLR, RAG1) DNA gene fragments. We employed Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods for the phylogenetic tree reconstructions, supplemented with species delimitation methods, analysis of haplotype networks, and calculation of uncorrected p-distances. Morphological variation in 15 metric and 18 meristic characters was studied using parametric univariate tests as well as multivariate general linearized models. In total, we analyzed sequences originating from 63 specimens and morphological data from 95 specimens of E. sauromates sensu lato. Results The molecular phylogeny identified two clearly divergent sister lineages within E. sauromates, with both forming a lineage sister to E. quatuorlineata. The genetic distance between them (5.80–8.24% in mtDNA) is similar to the distances among several other species of the genus Elaphe. Both lineages are also moderately morphologically differentiated and, while none of the characters are exclusively diagnostic, their combination can be used for confident lineage identification. Here, following the criteria of genetic and evolutionary species concepts, we describe the lineage from eastern Anatolia and parts of the Lesser and Great Caucasus as a new species E. urartica sp. nov. Discussion Elaphe urartica sp. nov. represents a cryptic species whose ancestors presumably diverged from their common ancestor with E. sauromates around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The intraspecific genetic structure indicates that the recent diversity of both species has been predominantly shaped by Pleistocene climatic oscillations, with glacial refugia mainly located in the Balkans, Crimea, and/or Anatolia in E. sauromates and Anatolia and/or the Caucasus in E. urartica sp. nov.

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“…Cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I are among the most common markers; they are particularly useful in phylogeography and species delineation studies [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal the importance of taxon sampling in cryptic diversity: Liolaemus nigroviridis and L. monticola (Liolaeminae) as focal species

Torres-Pérez

Boric-Bargetto

Rodríguez-Valenzuela

et al. 2017

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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Background: Mitochondrial markers are widely used as a first approach in determining evolutionary relationships among vertebrate taxa at different hierarchical scales. Cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I are among the most common markers; they are particularly useful in phylogeography and species delineation studies. Simulation and empirical studies show that increasing the taxon sampling has a clear and strong effect on the accuracy of the inferred trees and therefore on hypothesized phylogenetic relationships (and eventually in new taxonomic rearrangements); this should be considered in the design of studies. The lizard genus Liolaemus is widely distributed in southern South America and includes more than 250 described species. The number of taxa and the distribution of Liolaemus species/populations makes them a good model for testing different hypotheses in systematics. Methods: We studied two Liolaemus species, Liolaemus nigroviridis and L. monticola as focal species to evaluate their monophyly and the influence of adding new samples from related taxa in the resulting phylogenies. We performed phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) using 141 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b (cyt-b) of 11 Liolaemus species. Results: Our study show that using intensive taxon sampling for phylogenetic reconstructions, two species (L. uniformis and L. nitidus) are placed within the clades of the two focal species (L. nigroviridis and L. monticola, respectively). Conclusions: Our study confirms the importance of taxon sampling to infer more accurate phylogenetic relationships, particularly to reveal hidden polyphyly or paraphyly, which may have a strong impact on taxonomic proposals and/or inferring cryptic diversity.

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Mitochondrial phylogeography, intraspecific diversity and phenotypic convergence in the four‐lined snake (Reptilia, Squamata)

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Complete mitochondrial genome of the four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790)

Complete mitochondrial genome of the four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata (Bonnaterre, 1790)

The biogeography ofElaphe sauromates(Pallas, 1814), with a description of a new rat snake species

Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal the importance of taxon sampling in cryptic diversity: Liolaemus nigroviridis and L. monticola (Liolaeminae) as focal species

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