Mitochondrial Miro GTPases coordinate mitochondrial and peroxisomal dynamics

Abstract

Mitochondria and peroxisomes are highly dynamic, multifunctional organelles. Both perform key roles for cellular physiology and homoeostasis by mediating bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and/or signalling. To support cellular function, they must be properly distributed, of proper size, and be able to interact with other organelles. Accumulating evidence suggests that the small atypical GTPase Miro provides a central signalling node to coordinate mitochondrial as well as peroxisomal dynamics. In this review, I summarize our current understanding of Miro-dependent functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the proper distribution, size and function of mitochondria and peroxisomes.

Defective Mitochondrial Quality Control during Dengue Infection Contributes to Disease Pathogenesis

“…We did not observe any significant change in the expression status of Miro 1 (Fig. S3A), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, and an atypical GTPase that regulates mitochondrial transport along microtubules by linking mitochondria to kinesin and dynein motors ( 16 ). Degradation of Miro 1 is associated with arresting microtubule-based transport of damaged mitochondria to enable their efficient elimination ( 16 ).…”

Mitochondrial quality control in diabetic cardiomyopathy: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies

“…Drp1-dependent mitosis can be divided into four steps [96][97][98][99]: translocation of Drp1 to the outer membrane of mitochondria, subsequent high-level assembly, hydrolysis of GTP, and final disassembly. Drp1 is an 80 kDa dynein GTPase superfamily protein [100,101]. It mainly exists in the cytoplasm in the form of dimer/tetramer, shuttling between the cytoplasm and mitochondria.…”

The Small GTPases in Fungal Signaling Conservation and Function

“…Miro is an independent family of the Ras superfamily known as atypical Rho proteins. Miro proteins are localized at mitochondria and regulate the integrity of these organelles [ 3 ]; their participation in peroxisomal dynamics regulation has been reported as well [ 52 ]. The structure of Miro proteins is unique among all monomeric GTPases, which consists of two GTPase domains flanking two EF-hand Ca 2+ (EF-H) binding domains, which have a helix-loop-helix structure and a transmembrane domain at the C-terminal to anchor in the outer mitochondrial membrane.…”