Mitochondrial Dysfunction as Criterion of Disease Pathogenesis

Abstract

Mitochondrial dynamics is associated with important cellular functions such as metabolism and autophagy. The balance between fusion and fission of mitochondria is an integral component of the production of ATP molecules in cells. Modern data indicate the essential importance of dynamic changes in mitochondria, both in the restoration of damage and in the progression of diseases. A detailed study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diseases is necessary to create high-quality methods for personalized diagnostics. A promising direction in this area of research is the study of metabolic disorders of mitochondria, which can affect the development and progression of pathologies of various origins. It has been shown that in cardiovascular diseases the energy intensity of myocardial muscle functioning depends on the activity of mitochondria. The review presents the latest data on the role of these cell organelles in the pathogenesis of damage in ischemia-reperfusion, cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and other pathologies. The dynamics of changes in mitochondria, the phases of biogenesis (fusion, division) and mitophagy associated with the mechanisms of bioenergetic adaptation of various cell types in myocardial cells and other tissues are considered. The possibility of using data on the state of mitochondria for the prevention and treatment of diseases is presented.