Mitochondrial DNA studies of Native Americans: Conceptions and misconceptions of the population prehistory of the Americas

Eshleman, Jason; Malhi, Ripan S.; Smith, David Glenn

doi:10.1002/evan.10048

Cited by 83 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Figures 4 and 5 compare regional variation in haplogroup frequencies between the empirical data on Native North Americans (from Eshleman et al, 2003) and the simulated data corresponding to approximately the same geographic location (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid deployment of the five founding Amerind mtDNA haplogroups via coastal and riverine colonization

Fix

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Numerous studies of variation in mtDNA in Amerindian populations established that four haplogroups are present throughout both North and South America. These four haplogroups (A, B, C, and D) and perhaps a fifth (X) in North America are postulated to be present in the initial founding migration to the Americas. Furthermore, studies of ancient mtDNA in North America suggested long-term regional continuity of the frequencies of these founding haplogroups. Present-day tribal groups possess high frequencies of private mtDNA haplotypes (variants within the major haplogroups), consistent with early establishment of local isolation of regional populations. Clearly these patterns have implications for the mode of colonization of the hemisphere. Recently, the earlier consensus among archaeologists for an initial colonization by Clovis hunters arriving through an ice-free corridor and expanding in a "blitzkrieg " wave was shown to be inconsistent with extensive genetic variability in Native Americans; a coastal migration route avoids this problem. The present paper demonstrates through a computer simulation model how colonization along coasts and rivers could have rapidly spread the founding lineages widely through North America.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid deployment of the five founding Amerind mtDNA haplogroups via coastal and riverine colonization

Fix

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…A potential Asian C1 HVS-I haplotype, which also includes the nt 16362 mutation but not the 16356 transition, has been detected in the Bashkirs (Bermisheva et al 2002). We are thus forced to conclude that there exists an Asian subbranch of C1 (in contrast to the claim of Eshleman et al 2003 that the "characteristic Native American form of haplogroup C" is absent in Asia). The ancestral HVS-I motif of C1 (i.e.…”

Section: Haplogroup Specific Markers and Motifs In Native American Mtmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A question of equal interest is when and where the ancestral populations on the move to Beringia gradually separated from the interior Siberian and coastal east Asian peoples. Certainly, "it seems unreasonable to identify any extant group in the Old World, itself a product of many millennia of history, as the single parent population" (Eshleman et al 2003). It is noteworthy that Native American haplogroup A and D mtDNAs coalesce with their Asian counterparts just at the respective root types of haplogroups A4 and D4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Native American Founder mtDNAs Through the Analysis of Complete mtDNA Sequences: Some Caveats

Bandelt

Herrnstadt²,

Yao

et al. 2003

Annals of Human Genetics

104

116

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SummaryIn this study, a detailed analysis of both previously published and new data was performed to determine whether complete, or almost complete, mtDNA sequences can resolve the long-debated issue of which Asian mtDNAs were founder sequences for the Native American mtDNA pool. Unfortunately, we now know that coding region data and their analysis are not without problems. To obtain and report reasonably correct sequences does not seem to be a trivial task, and to discriminate between Asian and Native American mtDNA ancestries may be more complex than previously believed. It is essential to take into account the effects of mutational hot spots in both the control and coding regions, so that the number of apparent Native American mtDNA founder sequences is not erroneously inflated. As we report here, a careful analysis of all available data indicates that there is very little evidence that more than five founder mtDNA sequences entered Beringia before the Last Glacial Maximum and left their traces in the current Native American mtDNA pool.

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“…Genetic studies support the Asian origin of American Indians (Nei and Roychoudhury, 1993;Deka et al, 1995;Crawford et al, 1997;Bonatto and Salzano, 1997;Malhi et al, 2002;Eshleman et al, 2003). However, there is no consensus about the geographic placing of the ancestor.…”

Section: Time and Mode Of The Peoplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mongolia, Manchuria, and Siberia were proposed Forster et al, 1996;Merriwether et al, 1996). Lately, a new mitochondrial lineage X was identified, which shows an extensive distribution in America (Brown et al, 1998;Malhi et al, 2001;Eshleman et al, 2003) and is absent in East and Central Asia. However, it was recently documented among the Siberian Altaians of South-Central Siberia (Derenko et al, 2001).…”

Section: Time and Mode Of The Peoplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

South Amerindian craniofacial morphology: Diversity and implications for Amerindian evolution

Sardi

Rozzi

González‐José

et al. 2005

American J Phys Anthropol

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The most compelling models concerning the peopling of the Americas consider that modern Amerindians share a common biological pattern, showing affinities with populations of the Asian Northeast. The aim of the present study was to assess the degree of variation of craniofacial morphology of South American Amerindians in a worldwide context. Forty-three linear variables were analyzed on crania derived from American, Asian, Australo-Melanesian, European, South-Saharan African, and Polynesian regions. South America was represented by seven Amerindian samples. In order to understand morphologic diversity among Amerindians of South America, variation was estimated using regions and local populations as units of analysis. Variances and F(ST) values were calculated for each unit, respectively. Both analyses indicated that morphologic variation in Southern Amerindians is extremely high: an F(ST) of 0.01531 was obtained for Southern Amerindians, and values from 0.0371-0.1205 for other world regions. Some aspects linked to the time and mode of the peopling of the Americas and various microevolutionary processes undergone by Amerindians are discussed. Some of the alternatives proposed to explain this high variation include: a greater antiquity of the peopling than what is mostly accepted, a peopling by several highly differentiated waves, an important effect of genetic drift, and gene flow with Paleoamericans. A combination of some of these alternatives explains at least some of the variation.

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Mitochondrial DNA studies of Native Americans: Conceptions and misconceptions of the population prehistory of the Americas

Cited by 83 publications

References 60 publications

Rapid deployment of the five founding Amerind mtDNA haplogroups via coastal and riverine colonization

Rapid deployment of the five founding Amerind mtDNA haplogroups via coastal and riverine colonization

Identification of Native American Founder mtDNAs Through the Analysis of Complete mtDNA Sequences: Some Caveats

South Amerindian craniofacial morphology: Diversity and implications for Amerindian evolution

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