Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Glyptothorax fokiensis and Glyptothorax hainanensis in Asia

Abstract

Whole mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences in 62 fish from 13 locations in Southeast China identified two major clades corresponding to two allopatric taxa, Glyptothorax fokiensis fokiensis and Glyptothorax fokiensis hainanensis. Reciprocal monophyly and a molecular clock separation between these two taxa of 2Á3 million years indicate these taxa should be elevated to species. Mismatch distributions and Fu's F S statistic suggest that both G. fokiensis and G. hainanensis have experienced recent population expansions. Analysis of molecular variance indicates that most of the genetic variation resides among populations within both species, with F ST ¼ 0Á645 for G. fokiensis and 0Á801 for G. hainanensis, suggesting restricted gene flow among populations. Significant correlations between the geographic and the genetic distances provide support for the importance of geographic isolations between populations. Nested clade analysis also confirms low levels of genetic exchanges between the two major groups and between populations within each group. The phylogeographical pattern among populations of Glyptothorax in East Asia can be attributed to historical fragmentations, demographic expansions and occasional long-distance dispersals stimulated by tectonic activity and Ice Age climate changes.

Spatial genetic structure of the cyprinid fish Onychostoma lepturum on Hainan Island

“…However, geological evidence indicates that landbridges connected the island to the Asian continent repeatedly during the Pleistocene glaciations (Voris 2000;Shi 2002;Shi et al 2006;Zhao et al 2007). According to the phylogeography of Glyptothorax (Sisoridae), Chen et al (2007) proposed that during the Pleistocene glaciations, migrants probably moved between mainland China and island populations during floods at low elevations and that the gene flow between these populations was interrupted when Hainan was separated from mainland China by the sinking of the Qiongzhou Strait again (Morton & Blackmore 2001;Yap 2002). Lin et al (2010) examined the population structure of the Reeves's butterfly lizard (Leiolepis reevesii) and proposed a dispersion of L. reevesii from Vietnam to Hainan, followed by a second wave of dispersion from Hainan to mainland China.…”

Population structure and demographic history of Sicyopterus japonicus (Perciformes; Gobiidae) in Taiwan inferred from mitochondrial control region sequences

“…Genetic structure and differences resulting from drainage isolation have often been detected in freshwater fishes, such as Zacco platypus and Opsariichthys bidens (Perdices and Coelho, 2006) and Glyptothorax (Chen et al, 2007), mostly due to their isolated habitats and limited dispersal capacity. S. japonicus is a freshwater fish species; however, our results showed an absence of significant population differentiation and a lack of phylogeographic structure.…”

Phylogenetic position and osteology of Pethia setnai (Chhapgar & Sane, 1992), an endemic barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) of the Western Ghats, India, with notes on its distribution and threats

“…DNA was extracted using conventional phenolchloroform method and re-suspended in TE (10mM Tris, 1mM EDTA, pH 8) buffer. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify cytochrome b (cytb) gene using primer pair L14724 (5'-GACTTGAAAAACCACCGTTG-3') and H15915 (5'-CTCCGATCTCCGGATTACAAGAC-3') (Chen et al 2007). PCR reaction was performed in a 25µl reaction volume containing 5µl of template DNA (~200ng), 5µl of 10X reaction buffer (100 mM Tris pH 9.0, 500 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1% Gelatin), 3µl of 25mM MgCl 2 , 1µl of 10mM dNTPs, 1µl of each primer, 0.5µl Taq polymerase (2.5 units) and 8.5µl nuclease free water.…”