Mitochondrial DNA and Exercise: Implications for Health and Injuries in Sports

Zanini, Giada; Gaetano, Anna De; Selleri, Valentina; Savino, Gustavo; Cossarizza, Andrea; Mattioli, Anna Vittoria; Nasi, Milena

doi:10.3390/cells10102575

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Moreover, these haplogroups have been found to be abundant among power and team sports athletes [11,33,34], whose performance relies more on anaerobic glycolysis rather than OXPHOS. Similar associations with mtDNA haplogroups have also been detected among Kenyan and Japanese athletes, as reviewed in [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups J and K, serum branched-chain amino acids and lowered capability for endurance exercise

Kiiskilä

Hassinen

Kettunen

et al. 2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Endurance exercise training promotes the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in skeletal muscles. We have previously shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups J and K are markers of low responders in endurance training. In this paper, we hypothesize that BCAA catabolism is a surrogate marker of lower respiratory chain activity attributed to these haplogroups. We evaluated whether exercise-induced changes in amino acid concentrations differ between subjects harbouring mtDNA haplogroups J or K and those with non-JK haplogroups. Methods Finnish male conscripts (N = 633) undertook the 12-min Cooper running test at the beginning and end of their military service. The intervention during the service mainly included endurance aerobic exercise and sports-related muscle training. Concentrations of seven amino acids were analysed in the serum using a high-throughput 1H NMR metabolomics platform. Total DNA was extracted from whole blood, and restriction fragment analysis was used to determine mtDNA haplogroups J and K. Results The concentrations of the seven amino acids were higher following the intervention, with the exception of phenylalanine; interestingly, the increase in the concentrations of three BCAAs was larger in subjects with haplogroup J or K than in subjects with non-JK haplogroups (p = 0.029). MtDNA haplogroups J and K share two common nonsynonymous variants. Structural analysis based on crystallographic data on bovine complexes I and III revealed that the Leu18 variant in cytochrome b encoded by m.14798T > C may interfere with ubiquinone binding at the Qi site in complex III. Conclusions The increase in the concentrations of serum BCAAs following exercise intervention differs between subjects harbouring mtDNA haplogroup J or K and those harbouring non-JK haplogroups. Lower response in endurance training and difference in exercise-induced increase in the concentrations of serum BCAAs suggest decreased respiratory chain activity. Haplogroups J and K share m.14798T > C in MT-CYB, which may hamper the function of complex III.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups J and K, serum branched-chain amino acids and lowered capability for endurance exercise

Kiiskilä

Hassinen

Kettunen

et al. 2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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“…The increased ability to perform endurance exercise is strongly supported by enhanced mitochondrial function as suggested by increased mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and mitochondrial enzyme activity [1]. Genetic and epigenetic factors may modulate adaptive responses to exercise through different mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Profile in Genes Associated with Sports Injuries in Elite Endurance Athletes

2022

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Injuries are a complex trait that can stem from the interaction of several genes. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between muscle performance-related genes and overuse injury risk in elite endurance athletes, and to examine the feasibility of determining a total genotype score that significantly correlates with injury. A cohort of 100 elite endurance athletes (50 male and 50 female) was selected. AMPD1 (rs17602729), ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), CKM (rs8111989) and MLCK ([rs2849757] and [rs2700352]) polymorphisms was genotyped by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR). Injury characteristics during the athletic season were classified following the Consensus Statement for injuries evaluation. The mean total genotype score (TGS) in non-injured athletes (68.263±13.197 arbitrary units [a.u.]) were different from that of injured athletes (50.037±17.293 a.u., p<0.001). The distribution of allelic frequencies in the AMPD1 polymorphism was also different between non-injured and injured athletes (p<0.001). There was a TGS cut-off point (59.085 a.u.) to discriminate non-injured from injured athletes with an Odds Ratio of 7.400 (95%CI 2.548-21.495, p<0.001). TGS analysis appears to correlate with elite endurance athletes at higher risk for injury. Further study may help to develop this as one potential tool to help predict injury risk in this population.

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“…Recent reports suggest that one or more WBC sessions can induce anti-inflammatory effects (4). In a previous study, we analysed a large panel of cytokines, haematological, and hormonal parameters, as well as circulating mitochondrial DNA (1,5). We found that in non-professional athletes, WBC induced beneficial immunological and metabolic responses and seems to promote tissue repair (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

798 Cardiovascular Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Non-Professional Athletes

Selleri

Zanini

Coppi

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal Supplements

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Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) is a method of cold therapy widely applied for muscle recovery after injury to counteract the inflammatory response due to specific diseases, characterized by high levels of inflammation. WBC consists of short exposure, of about 2-3 minutes, to dry air at cryogenic temperatures (up to -190°C) in a special chamber. Our study aimed to investigate changes in respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature induced by WBC sessions in athletes. Ten volunteer middle-distance non-professional runners (age: 38±12 years) received 3 once-a-day sessions of WBC. Subjects underwent blood pressure measurements and ECG recorded before and immediately after the daily session. During WBC we recorded a single lead trace (D1) for heart rhythm control. Moreover, we monitored the 5 vital signs, such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature, during, and after all WBC session. We did not report significant changes in ECG main intervals (PR, QT, and QTc) and in the mean systolic blood pressure during and after WBC [baseline: 118 ± 5 mmHg, changed to 120 ± 3 mmHg during WBC, and to 121 ± 2 mmHg after session]. Mean respiratory rate did not change significantly during WBC as well as oxygen saturation (98 vs. 99%). Mean heart rate changed from 50.98 ± 4.43 bpm (before) to 56.83 ± 4.26 bpm after WBC session (p < 0.05) and body temperature was slightly increased after WBC, however it remains within physiological values. In non-professional athletes WBC did not affect cardiovascular response and can be safely used. However, further studies are required to confirm these promising results of safety in elderly non-athlete subjects.

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Mitochondrial DNA and Exercise: Implications for Health and Injuries in Sports

Cited by 13 publications

References 114 publications

Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups J and K, serum branched-chain amino acids and lowered capability for endurance exercise

Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups J and K, serum branched-chain amino acids and lowered capability for endurance exercise

Genetic Profile in Genes Associated with Sports Injuries in Elite Endurance Athletes

798 Cardiovascular Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy in Non-Professional Athletes

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