Mitochondrial Distributions in Hearts of Male Rats as a Function of Long-Term Physical Training

Cosmas, Arthur C.; Edington, Dee W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-5523-5_46

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A more recent study 16 reported an age effect on oxidative damage of brain mtDNA in the rat, suggesting a flux of free radical damage to DNA, especially in the late stages of life. An increase in mitochondrial size in the aging rat myocardium was reported by Cosmas et al 5 They found that senescence was associated with a shift in mitochondrial size distributions toward a greater percentage of larger organelles, consistent with a decline in physiologic function. 4,5 Tissue and cell stress have been associated with mitochondrial enlargement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…An increase in mitochondrial size in the aging rat myocardium was reported by Cosmas et al 5 They found that senescence was associated with a shift in mitochondrial size distributions toward a greater percentage of larger organelles, consistent with a decline in physiologic function. 4,5 Tissue and cell stress have been associated with mitochondrial enlargement. Essing 17 suggests that endurance exercise training may induce sequential assembly of mitochondria, initially catalyzed by heme lyase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Essing's model employs a "positive" stress that can result in more efficient larger size mitochondria 18 rather than enlarged mitochondria that have been associated with disease or aging. 4,5 Early studies by Wakabayashi and associates 19,20 suggested that free radicals alter mitochondrial membranes, causing membrane fusion and the development of megamitochondria. A later study 21 used chloramphenicol to suppress increases in body weight and liver weight of mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E and Age Alter Liver Mitochondrial Morphometry

Agostinucci

Manfredi

Cosmas

et al. 2002

Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine

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Oxidative damage to mitochondrial membranes caused by free radical production during respiration plays a major role in tissue dysfunction. It has been hypothesized that aging is associated with mitochondrial enlargement and elongation. These changes may be enhanced by deficiencies in vitamin E and selenium. Vitamin E supplementation minimizes the age-related mitochondrial enlargement and elongation in the mouse liver. This study investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation (500 IU/kg) on "old" (760 days) and "older" (827 days) C57BL/6 mice liver mitochondrial (Mt) morphometry. Fixed mitochondria from homogenized liver samples taken from control and vitamin E-supplemented mice were examined by transmission electron microscopy and measured by image analysis. Morphometric measurements included Mt area, short and long axis, and size distributions. "Old" vitamin E-supplemented mice had significantly smaller (p , 0.0001) liver mitochondria than age-matched controls. While age had no significant effect on Mt area and short axis in the vitamin E-supplemented mice, it had a significant effect (p , 0.002) on the long axis. Analysis of the long axis to short axis ratio indicated that age had a significant effect of mitochondrial elongation in the vitamin E fed mice. Vitamin E supplementation results in smaller mouse liver mitochondria as compared to age-matched cohorts and aging results in elongation but does not alter the size of liver mitochondria in mice supplemented with vitamin E. These results suggest that vitamin E provides a protective effect against age-related mitochondrial enlargement. 173

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E and Age Alter Liver Mitochondrial Morphometry

Agostinucci

Manfredi

Cosmas

et al. 2002

Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine

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“…In the cerebellar glomeruli of old rats, it has been found that the size of mitochondria increases during aging, and they also appear more elongated with decreased membrane integrity [270]. A similar picture has been found in the hearts of old rats, where the percentage of larger mitochondria has been attributed to increased fusion of the organelles [270,271]. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E (500 IU/kg food) from the age of 540 days to 760 days prevented the age-induced enlargement of the liver mitochondria in mice [272].…”

Section: Effects Of Vitamin E Supplementation In Aging With a Particu...mentioning

confidence: 64%

Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process—Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them?

Napolitano

Fasciolo

Tomajoli

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Aerobic organisms use molecular oxygen in several reactions, including those in which the oxidation of substrate molecules is coupled to oxygen reduction to produce large amounts of metabolic energy. The utilization of oxygen is associated with the production of ROS, which can damage biological macromolecules but also act as signaling molecules, regulating numerous cellular processes. Mitochondria are the cellular sites where most of the metabolic energy is produced and perform numerous physiological functions by acting as regulatory hubs of cellular metabolism. They retain the remnants of their bacterial ancestors, including an independent genome that encodes part of their protein equipment; they have an accurate quality control system; and control of cellular functions also depends on communication with the nucleus. During aging, mitochondria can undergo dysfunctions, some of which are mediated by ROS. In this review, after a description of how aging affects the mitochondrial quality and quality control system and the involvement of mitochondria in inflammation, we report information on how vitamin E, the main fat-soluble antioxidant, can protect mitochondria from age-related changes. The information in this regard is scarce and limited to some tissues and some aspects of mitochondrial alterations in aging. Improving knowledge of the effects of vitamin E on aging is essential to defining an optimal strategy for healthy aging.

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“…In the present study a small decrease d u e t o training w a s recorded in the surface density of outer mitochondrial membrane. T h e results of Edington & Cosmas (1972) and Cosmas & Edington (1975) showed a decrease in the average volume of mitochondria resulting in a n increased outer surface area, if the volume density remains unchanged. In the present study the mitochondrial volume density and the average number of mitochondria per unit volume were slightly smaller in t h e T R 2 group than in the C2 group, resulting the s a m e average volume (0.94 pm]) of a mitochondrion in both groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Morphometry of myocardial apex in endurance‐trained mice of different ages

Kainulainen

Pilström

Vihko

1979

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica

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Mitochondrial volume density, surface density of the outer mitochondrial membrane, the mean number and size of mitochondria, and the mean surface density of crista membranes together with the volume densities of myofibrils and sarcoplasmic space were morphometrically analyzed in cardiac muscle of two groups of sedentary control mice aged 3 and 7 months, and in two groups of mice trained either 1 month rather intensely or 4 months moderately. Of the calculated mitochondrial variables only the surface density of the outer mitochondrial membrane differed between the older controls and the older trained animals, the density being slightly smaller in the trained group. The myofibrillar volume density of the order controls was smaller than that of the younger controls, while the sarcoplasmic volume density was larger. The latter difference, possibly a function of age, was also observed in the trained groups. The results suggest that at a certain steady state level of exercise-induced cardiac muscle hypertrophy the muscle cells of trained mice do not differ markedly in ultrastructural properties from those of sedentary controls.

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Mitochondrial Distributions in Hearts of Male Rats as a Function of Long-Term Physical Training

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Vitamin E and Age Alter Liver Mitochondrial Morphometry

Vitamin E and Age Alter Liver Mitochondrial Morphometry

Changes in the Mitochondria in the Aging Process—Can α-Tocopherol Affect Them?

Morphometry of myocardial apex in endurance‐trained mice of different ages

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