Mitochondrial biogenesis during cellular differentiation

Abstract

Mitochondrial biogenesis was studied during differentiation of two immortalized cell lines (C2C12, 3T3) with enzyme measurements, Northern blots, and quantitative ultrastructure. Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (nuclear encoded, mitochondrial matrix location) showed linear, four- to sixfold increases in enzymatic activity in C2C12 cells but increased exponentially in 3T3 cells. Cytochrome oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase (nuclear and mitochondrial encoded, cristae location) increased to a lesser extent and with a pattern dissimilar to the first group. Northern blots and activity of succinate dehydrogenase (cristae location but entirely nuclear encoded) suggested the groupings were based on location of the genes rather than the mature enzyme. However, quantitative electron microscopy and comparisons with adult tissue suggested that mitochondrial ultrastructure can influence the change in cristae enzymes. Cristae surface area per unit mitochondrial volume and per unit cell volume increased much less than did cristae enzymes. Available space on the inner membrane may become limiting and account for some aspects of the pattern of change in electron transport enzymes during differentiation.

O-GlcNAcase deficiency suppresses skeletal myogenesis and insulin sensitivity in mice through the modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis

“…2b). Consistent with a previous report [31], myogenesis was accompanied with mitochondrial biogenesis as evidenced by increased fluorescence of MitoTracker green staining (Fig. 2a) and protein levels of mitochondrial complex subunits (Fig.…”

Dietary obesity-resistance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities of the fast-twitch fibre dominant rat

“…The SDH is located on cristae and CS is in the matrix in the mitochondria, and change in the mitochondrial enzyme activity is partly influenced by the location of ultrastructure. 43 It is possible that such factors caused the discrepancy between the results of CS and SDH activity.…”

Changes in activity and transcript level of liver and gill metabolic enzymes during smoltification in wild and hatchery-reared masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou)

“…Two notable points in both liver and gill were that increased of the time of increased COX1 transcript levels preceded that of COX activity and that increases in AST transcript level followed increases in the level of NDH1 and COX1. The former time lag may reveal time differences from transcription to activation through COX translation, which was revealed in Moyes et al (1997). The latter time lag is perhaps concerned with order of action in respiratory chain enzymes, since NDH, COX and AST operate respiratory chain in sequence.…”

“…Metabolic enzyme assayed at 25 °C using UV/Visible spectrophotometer (Ultrospec 2000; GE Heathcare UK, Buckinghamshire, UK) under the following specific condition, which referred to Moyes et al (1997) and Burness et al (2005).…”