Mitochondria-Targeting Enhanced Phototherapy by Intrinsic Characteristics Engineered “One-for-All” Nanoparticles

Abstract

Mitochondria-targeted synergistic therapy, including photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), has aroused wide attention due to the high sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat shock of mitochondria. However, most of the developed nanosystems for the combinatorial functions require the integration of different components, such as photosensitizers and mitochondria-targeted molecules. Consequently, it indispensably requires sophisticated design and complex synthetic procedures. In this work, a well-designed Bi2S3-based nanoneedle, that localizes to mitochondria and produces extra ROS with inherent photothermal effect, was reported by doping of Fe (denoted as FeBS). The engineered intrinsic characteristics certify the capacity of such “one-for-all” nanosystems without additional molecules. The lipophilicity and surface positive charge are demonstrated as crucial factors for specifical mitochondria targeting. Significantly, Fe doping overcomes the disadvantage of the narrow band gap of Bi2S3 to prevent the fast recombination of electron–hole, hence resulting in the generation of ROS for PDT. The “one-for-all” nanoparticles integrate with mitochondria-targeting and synergistic effect of PDT and PTT, thus exhibit enhanced therapeutic effect and inhibit the growth of tumors observably. This strategy may open a new direction in designing the mitochondria-targeted materials and broadening the properties of inorganic semiconductor materials for satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.

Single-Atom Manganese Anchored on Carbon Dots for Promoting Mitochondrial Targeting and Photodynamic Effect in Cancer Treatment

“…The fluorescence in Mn/HA-CDs (Figure b) is evident under 488 nm excitation, clearly showing that it has a severe impact on the mitochondrial membrane of HepG2 cells compared with other groups. These results also reinforce the main idea that Mn/HA-CDs could promote the apoptosis of cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial damage during PDT . The MTT assay evaluated the effect of different concentrations of Mn/HA-CDs on the viability of HepG2 cells under the visible light conditions to study the PDT effect of Mn/HA-CDs.…”

“…These results also reinforce the main idea that Mn/HA-CDs could promote the apoptosis of cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial damage during PDT. 64 The MTT assay evaluated the effect of different concentrations of Mn/HA-CDs on the viability of HepG2 cells under the visible light conditions to study the PDT effect of Mn/HA-CDs. As shown in Figures 4c,d and S21, the survival rates of cells co-incubated with Mn/ HA-CDs under visible light irradiation are significantly lower than that co-incubated with HA-CDs.…”

Theranostic Nanoplatform with Sequential SDT and ADV Effects in Response to Well-Programmed LIFU Irradiation for Cervical Cancer

“…The above results show that IGP@P NPs not only have high affinity for HeLa cells but also can selectively achieve mitochondrial localization in the cell due to IR780 assistance; moreover, the mitochondria, as a functional structure of energy metabolism, are extremely sensitive to ROS. 25

Figure 3 CLSM images and quantitative fluorescence maps of HeLa cells incubated with DiI-labeled GP@P or IGP@P NPs for 1, 3, or 6 h ( A ). The corresponding fluorescence intensity value of NPs in different groups at different timepoints ( B ).

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“…The above results show that IGP@P NPs not only have high affinity for HeLa cells but also can selectively achieve mitochondrial localization in the cell due to IR780 assistance; moreover, the mitochondria, as a functional structure of energy metabolism, are extremely sensitive to ROS. 25…”

A mitochondria targeted cascade reaction nanosystem for improved therapeutic effect by overcoming cellular resistance

“…Exceptionally, researchers have certified that although some glycolysis related proteins could be destroyed during the treatment, the mitochondria could also play a vital role in providing energy for cytoprotection. 22,23 Taking the intrinsic hypersensitivity of the mitochondria into account, 24 a mitochondria-targeted nanoplatform which can repress Hsp and P-gp simultaneously will be a superior tactic in terms of mitigating cellular resistance and enhancing the therapeutic outcome.…”