Mitochondria Synthesize Melatonin to Ameliorate Its Function and Improve Mice Oocyte’s Quality under in Vitro Conditions

He, Chao; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Zhenzhen; Yang, Minghui; Liu, Yu; Tian, Xiaoli; Ma, Teng; Tao, Jingli; Zhu, Kuanfeng; Song, Yukun; Ji, Pengyun; Liu, Guoshi

doi:10.3390/ijms17060939

Cited by 180 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The probability of such “replenishing reaction” appears to be supported by findings that the mitochondria isolated from oocytes are able to generate melatonin from serotonin [71]. This indicates a presence of the biosynthetic machinery necessary for melatonin synthesis in mitochondria.…”

Section: Melatonin–mitochondria Axis In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This indicates a presence of the biosynthetic machinery necessary for melatonin synthesis in mitochondria. Indeed, the rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis, AANAT/SNAT was detected in mitochondria of oocytes [71]. However, the presence of HIOMT or any other enzyme responsible for O-methylation of N -acetylserotonin remains to be defined.…”

Section: Melatonin–mitochondria Axis In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin, mitochondria, and the skin

Słomiński

Żmijewski

Semak

et al. 2017

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

162

146

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The skin being a protective barrier between external and internal (body) environments has the sensory and adaptive capacity to maintain local and global body homeostasis in response to noxious factors. An important part of the skin response to stress is its ability for melatonin synthesis and subsequent metabolism through the indolic and kynuric pathways. Indeed, melatonin and its metabolites have emerged as indispensable for physiological skin functions and for effective protection of a cutaneous homeostasis from hostile environmental factors. Moreover, they attenuate the pathological processes including carcinogenesis and other hyperproliferative/inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, mitochondria appear to be a central hub of melatonin metabolism in the skin cells. Furthermore, substantial evidence has accumulated on the protective role of the melatonin against ultraviolet radiation and the attendant mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin and its metabolites appear to have a modulatory impact on mitochondrion redox and bioenergetic homeostasis, as well as the anti-apoptotic effects. Of note, some metabolites exhibit even greater impact than melatonin alone. Herein, we emphasize that melatonin–mitochondria axis would control integumental functions designed to protect local and perhaps global homeostasis. Given the phylogenetic origin and primordial actions of melatonin, we propose that the melatonin-related mitochondrial functions represent an evolutionary conserved mechanism involved in cellular adaptive response to skin injury and repair.

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Section: Melatonin–mitochondria Axis In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Melatonin–mitochondria Axis In the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin, mitochondria, and the skin

Słomiński

Żmijewski

Semak

et al. 2017

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

162

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The production of melatonin is reflected in the morphological alterations of the mitochondria in pinealocytes. While this is indirect evidence, the direct evidence comes from the recent observations of He et al that AANAT is confined to the mitochondria of oocytes of mice [112] (Figure 2). The genes for melatonin synthetic enzymes are expressed in oocytes, and these cells also synthesize melatonin [113,114].…”

Section: Mitochondria: the Major Sites For Melatonin Synthesis Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics

Tan

Manchester

Qin

et al. 2016

IJMS

318

256

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Melatonin has been speculated to be mainly synthesized by mitochondria. This speculation is supported by the recent discovery that aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase/serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT/SNAT) is localized in mitochondria of oocytes and the isolated mitochondria generate melatonin. We have also speculated that melatonin is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. It accumulates in mitochondria with high concentration against a concentration gradient. This is probably achieved by an active transportation via mitochondrial melatonin transporter(s). Melatonin protects mitochondria by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), and activating uncoupling proteins (UCPs). Thus, melatonin maintains the optimal mitochondrial membrane potential and preserves mitochondrial functions. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics is also regulated by melatonin. In most cases, melatonin reduces mitochondrial fission and elevates their fusion. Mitochondrial dynamics exhibit an oscillatory pattern which matches the melatonin circadian secretory rhythm in pinealeocytes and probably in other cells. Recently, melatonin has been found to promote mitophagy and improve homeostasis of mitochondria.

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“…Following a meal, gut melatonin synthesis can be 400-fold that of the pineal gland night-time peak release (30). Melatonin has been proposed to be produced in all mitochondria-containing cells (31), with recent work suggesting that melatonin may be produced within mitochondria (32). Melatonin synthesis is, therefore, widespread.…”

Section: Melatonergic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis: is there a role for melatonin?

Anderson¹,

Vaillancourt²,

Maes

et al. 2017

Biomolecular Concepts

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The benefits of breastfeeding over formula feed are widely appreciated. However, for many mothers breastfeeding is not possible, highlighting the need for a significant improvement in the contents of formula feed. In this article, the overlooked role of melatonin and the melatonergic pathways in breast milk and in the regulation of wider breast milk components are reviewed. There is a growing appreciation that the benefits of breastfeeding are mediated by its effects in the infant gut, with consequences for the development of the gut-brain axis and the immune system. The melatonergic pathways are intimately associated with highly researched processes in the gut, gut microbiome and gut-brain axis. As the melatonergic pathways are dependent on the levels of serotonin availability as a necessary precursor, decreased melatonin is linked to depression and depression-associated disorders. The association of breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis with a host of medical conditions may be mediated by their regulation of processes that modulate depression susceptibility. The biological underpinnings of depression include increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, kynurenine pathway activity and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, all of which can decrease melatonergic pathway activity. The inclusion of the melatonergic pathways in the biological interactions of breast milk and gut development has significant theoretical and treatment implications, as well as being important to the prevention of a host of infant-, child-and adult-onset medical conditions.

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Mitochondria Synthesize Melatonin to Ameliorate Its Function and Improve Mice Oocyte’s Quality under in Vitro Conditions

Cited by 180 publications

References 62 publications

Melatonin, mitochondria, and the skin

Melatonin, mitochondria, and the skin

Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics

Breastfeeding and the gut-brain axis: is there a role for melatonin?

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