Mitochondria in Tissue Culture

Lewis, Margaret Reed; Lewis, W. Arthur

doi:10.1126/science.39.1000.330

Cited by 130 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…The early descriptions were confirmed by electron microscopy observations of tissue sections, which revealed the existence of a mitochondrial network [10] also denominated "mitochondrial reticulum" [11,12].…”

Section: Mitochondrial Energy Productionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigating Drug-induced Mitochondrial Toxicity: A Biosensor to Increase Drug Safety?

Pereira¹,

Moreira²,

Pereira³

et al. 2009

CDS

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Mitochondria are recognized as the producers of the majority of energy cells need for their normal activity. After the initial comprehension of how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation produces energy, mitochondrial research was not a priority for most cell biologists until novel mitochondrial functions were identified. In fact, it is now known that mitochondria are not only involved in cell calcium homeostasis, intermediate metabolism and free radical generation but are also a crucial crossroad for several cell death pathways. The notion that several clinically used drugs and other xenobiotics induce organ degeneration through damaging mitochondrial bioenergetics led to the use of the organelle as an effective and reliable bio-sensor to predict drug safety. Classic methods used to test the toxicity of a wide range of compounds on isolated mitochondrial fractions were later replaced by novel high-throughput methods to investigate the safety of a very large number of new molecules. Without surprise, the assessment of "mitochondrial safety" for new discovered molecules is of clear interest for pharmaceutical companies which can now select compounds lacking mitochondrial toxicity to undergo further trials, thus avoiding the possibility of later human toxicity due to mitochondrial liabilities.

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Section: Mitochondrial Energy Productionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigating Drug-induced Mitochondrial Toxicity: A Biosensor to Increase Drug Safety?

Pereira¹,

Moreira²,

Pereira³

et al. 2009

CDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…were one of the first to detail the dynamics of mitochondria in living tissue. Mitochondria, it was noted, were rarely stationary; instead they continually changed morphology and position through worm-like undulatory movements or through twisting contortions [4]. Changes in the organization of the chondriome, defined as all mitochondria in a cell, collectively, were also noted by Lewis Key words: clueless, cytoskeleton, FRIENDLY, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, Parkin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mitochondrial fusion, division and positioning in plants

Logan

2010

Biochemical Society Transactions

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Mitochondria are involved in many fundamental processes underpinning plant growth, development and death. Owing to their multiple roles, as the sites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, as harbourers of their own genomes and as sensors of cell redox status, amongst others, mitochondria are in a unique position to act as sentinels of cell physiology. The plant chondriome is typically organized as a population of physically discrete organelles, but visualization of mitochondria in living tissues has shown that the mitochondrial population is highly interactive. Mitochondria are highly motile and movement on the cytoskeleton ensures that the physically discrete organelles come into contact with one another, which allows transient fusion, followed by division of the mitochondrial membranes. This article serves to review our current knowledge of mitochondrial fusion and division, and link this to recent discoveries regarding a putative mitochondrial 'health-check' and repair process, whereby non-repairable dysfunctional mitochondria can be removed from the chondriome. It is proposed that the unequal distribution of the multipartite plant mitochondrial genome between discrete organelles provides the driver for transient mitochondrial fusion that, in turn, is dependent on mitochondrial motility, and that both fusion and motility are necessary to maintain a healthy functional chondriome.

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“…In 1914, Lewis and Lewis noted that mitochondria were incredibly dynamic -constantly moving, fusing and undergoing fission (Lewis and Lewis, 1914). However, no immediate significance was attributed to these dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel roles for actin in mitochondrial fission

Hatch

Gurel

Higgs

2014

Journal of Cell Science

127

130

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Mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion, fission and translocation, are crucial to cellular homeostasis, with roles in cellular polarity, stress response and apoptosis. Mitochondrial fission has received particular attention, owing to links with several neurodegenerative diseases. A central player in fission is the cytoplasmic dynaminrelated GTPase Drp1, which oligomerizes at the fission site and hydrolyzes GTP to drive membrane ingression. Drp1 recruitment to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a key regulatory event, which appears to require a pre-constriction step in which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrion interact extensively, a process termed ERMD (ER-associated mitochondrial division). It is unclear how ER-mitochondrial contact generates the force required for pre-constriction or why pre-constriction leads to Drp1 recruitment. Recent results, however, show that ERMD might be an actin-based process in mammals that requires the ER-associated formin INF2 upstream of Drp1, and that myosin II and other actinbinding proteins might be involved. In this Commentary, we present a mechanistic model for mitochondrial fission in which actin and myosin contribute in two ways; firstly, by supplying the force for preconstriction and secondly, by serving as a coincidence detector for Drp1 binding. In addition, we discuss the possibility that multiple fission mechanisms exist in mammals.

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Mitochondria in Tissue Culture

Cited by 130 publications

References 0 publications

Investigating Drug-induced Mitochondrial Toxicity: A Biosensor to Increase Drug Safety?

Investigating Drug-induced Mitochondrial Toxicity: A Biosensor to Increase Drug Safety?

Mitochondrial fusion, division and positioning in plants

Novel roles for actin in mitochondrial fission

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