Mitochondria as the Essence of Yang Qi in the Human Body

Luo, Junjie; Shen, Shiwei; Xia, Jingjing; Wang, Jiucun; Gu, Zhenglong

doi:10.1007/s43657-022-00060-3

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Mitochondria have been associated with qi in TCM, and their roles in the development of yang and qi-related diseases have been postulated. [ 24 ] In this study, we experimentally demonstrated the association between mitochondrial functions and TCM body constitution and cold syndrome, which reflects an individual’s qi state. The decreased mitochondrial function of leukocytes may account for the high disease susceptibility of individuals with unbalanced constitutions and decreased energy metabolism in those with the cold syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Mitochondria and ATP not only participate in energy metabolism but also play pivotal roles in immune regulation. [22][23][24] Since leukocytes are the key players in immune responses and an unbalanced constitution is characterized by higher disease susceptibility, individuals with unbalanced constitutions may have fewer leukocyte mitochondrial functions than those with a balanced constitution. Therefore, we evaluated the mitochondrial function of leukocytes in individuals with different body constitutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of traditional Chinese medicine body constitution and cold syndrome with leukocyte mitochondrial functions: An observational study

Ma¹,

Li²,

Ji³

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Body constitution in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the holistic and relatively durable state of an individual, based on the qi and blood assessment, and TCM syndrome is defined as the theoretical abstraction of disease-symptom profiles. The biological basis as related to mitochondria, which produce most of the cellular energy, has not been well studied. This study aimed to elucidate the association of mitochondrial function with TCM body constitution and cold syndrome. Body constitution and cold syndrome in TCM were assessed using the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ). The mitochondrial function of peripheral leukocytes was evaluated based on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and enzyme activity; OCR reflects mitochondrial activity and the capacity to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular adenosine nucleotides and malondialdehyde levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography to assess the potential bioenergetic mechanisms. A total of 283 adults participated in this study. Leukocytes from subjects with a balanced constitution had higher OCRs than those with unbalanced constitutions. Yang deficiency and cold syndrome also demonstrated lower energy metabolism, as indicated by reduced basal metabolic rate and cellular levels of ATP and malondialdehyde. Decreased mitochondrial enzyme activity has been observed in individuals with the cold syndrome. Unbalanced body constitutions in TCM impair mitochondrial function in leukocytes, which may contribute to the high disease susceptibility. Cold syndrome is characterized by reduced mitochondrial mass, which may explain its symptoms of low-energy metabolism and cold intolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of traditional Chinese medicine body constitution and cold syndrome with leukocyte mitochondrial functions: An observational study

Ma¹,

Li²,

Ji³

et al. 2023

Medicine

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“…Proliferative cancer demands a great deal of energy and building blocks, and cancer cells mainly rely on aerobic glycolysis to produce building blocks and energy, known as the Warburg effect 59 , 60 . In the Fudan cohort, aberrant glycolysis and alterations in its key enzyme, PGK1, which was negatively correlated with overall survival rate, were noticed at the multi-omics level, and promoted ESCC cell proliferation and tumor growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative proteogenomic characterization of early esophageal cancer

et al. 2023

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Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is malignant while the carcinogenesis is still unclear. Here, we perform a comprehensive multi-omics analysis of 786 trace-tumor-samples from 154 ESCC patients, covering 9 histopathological stages and 3 phases. Proteogenomics elucidates cancer-driving waves in ESCC progression, and reveals the molecular characterization of alcohol drinking habit associated signatures. We discover chromosome 3q gain functions in the transmit from nontumor to intraepithelial neoplasia phases, and find TP53 mutation enhances DNA replication in intraepithelial neoplasia phase. The mutations of AKAP9 and MCAF1 upregulate glycolysis and Wnt signaling, respectively, in advanced-stage ESCC phase. Six major tracks related to different clinical features during ESCC progression are identified, which is validated by an independent cohort with another 256 samples. Hyperphosphorylated phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1, S203) is considered as a drug target in ESCC progression. This study provides insight into the understanding of ESCC molecular mechanism and the development of therapeutic targets.

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“…Human mtDNA is a circular double stranded genome with a length of 16,569 bp and consists of 37 genes, which support aerobic respiration and the production of cellular energy through OXPHOS. Unlike nuclear DNA, mtDNA is not protected by histones and does not recombine, resulting in approximately 10-100-fold higher mutation rates [43]. mtDNA mutations include point mutations deletions, fragment deletion and large scale mtDNA rearrangements, which can directly impair OXPHOS [44,45].…”

Section: Mtdna Mutation In Cvdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Perspectives in Cardiovascular Diseases

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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High mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have attracted worldwide attention. It has been reported that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms affecting the pathogenesis of CVDs. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations may result in impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), abnormal respiratory chains, and ATP production. In dysfunctional mitochondria, the electron transport chain (ETC) is uncoupled and the energy supply is reduced, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is increased. Here, we discussed and analyzed the relationship between mtDNA mutations, impaired mitophagy, decreased OXPHOS, elevated ROS, and CVDs from the perspective of mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we explored current potential therapeutic strategies for CVDs by eliminating mtDNA mutations (e.g., mtDNA editing and mitochondrial replacement), enhancing mitophagy, improving OXPHOS capacity (e.g., supplement with NAD+, nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and nano-drug delivery), and reducing ROS (e.g., supplement with Coenzyme Q10 and other antioxidants), and dissected their respective advantages and limitations. In fact, some therapeutic strategies are still a long way from achieving safe and effective clinical treatment. Although establishing effective and safe therapeutic strategies for CVDs remains challenging, starting from a mitochondrial perspective holds bright prospects.

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Mitochondria as the Essence of Yang Qi in the Human Body

Cited by 11 publications

References 149 publications

Association of traditional Chinese medicine body constitution and cold syndrome with leukocyte mitochondrial functions: An observational study

Association of traditional Chinese medicine body constitution and cold syndrome with leukocyte mitochondrial functions: An observational study

Integrative proteogenomic characterization of early esophageal cancer

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Perspectives in Cardiovascular Diseases

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