Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation

Yang, Luodan; Youngblood, Hannah; Wu, Chuanjian; Zhang, Quanguang

doi:10.1186/s40035-020-00197-z

Cited by 82 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 311 publications

(540 reference statements)

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“…This is in accordance with the nding that α-HCH increased the ROS generation in keratinocytes [42] and that propanil induced lipid oxidation in rat models [43]. Mitochondria are the main source of intracellular ROS, and the ΔΨ was closely related to ROS production [44,45]. OCPs are known to decrease ΔΨ in neuronal cells [46], and this was con rmed for α-HCH and propanil in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interaction Between Genetic Variants and Serum Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease

Xu¹,

Yang²,

Qian³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: There is evidence that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pesticides are a class of environmental toxins that are linked to increased risk of PD. However, few studies have investigated the interaction between specific pesticides and genetic variants related to PD in the Chinese population.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 19 serum levels of pesticides were measured. In addition, we also analyzed the interaction between specific pesticides and candidate genetic variants for PD. Finally, we investigated the mechanistic basis for the association between pesticides and increased risk of PD.Results: Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides including α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, propanil, heptachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p’-DDE) and o,p’-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (o,p’-DDT) were higher in PD patients than in controls. α-HCH and propanil levels were associated with increased PD risk. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with Hamilton Depression Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in PD patients. The interaction between rs11931074 in α-synuclein (SNCA) and α-HCH or β-HCH, respectively, as well as rs16940758 in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene and δ-HCH were related to increased risk of PD. In addition, α-HCH and propanil enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species and decreased of mitochondrial membrane potential. Propanil but not α-HCH induced the aggregation of α-synuclein.Conclusions: Elevated serum levels of α-HCH and propanil are associated with increased risk of PD. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with depression and cognitive function in PD patients. The interaction between genetic variants and pesticides also increased the risk of PD. Effects of genetic variants and pesticides on the risk of PD should be studied in more detail with a larger sample size to further understand the mechanisms involved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interaction Between Genetic Variants and Serum Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease

Xu¹,

Yang²,

Qian³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is one of the main targets of PBM 28 . Therefore, we next investigated whether prenatal PBM treatment could affect CCO activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBM, also known as low-level laser therapy, is an emerging method targeting the mitochondria 28 . In the past few years, PBM has evidenced protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in multiple brain injury models 26 , 29 - 31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prenatal photobiomodulation treatment on neonatal hypoxic ischemia in rat offspring

Yang¹,

Dong²,

Wu³

et al. 2021

Theranostics

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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury is a severe complication often leading to neonatal death and long-term neurobehavioral deficits in children. Currently, the only treatment option available for neonatal HI injury is therapeutic hypothermia. However, the necessary specialized equipment, possible adverse side effects, and limited effectiveness of this therapy creates an urgent need for the development of new HI treatment methods. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to be neuroprotective against multiple brain disorders in animal models, as well as limited human studies. However, the effects of PBM treatment on neonatal HI injury remain unclear. Methods: Two-minutes PBM (808 nm continuous wave laser, 8 mW/cm 2 on neonatal brain) was applied three times weekly on the abdomen of pregnant rats from gestation day 1 (GD1) to GD21. After neonatal right common carotid artery ligation, cortex- and hippocampus-related behavioral deficits due to HI insult were measured using a battery of behavioral tests. The effects of HI insult and PBM pretreatment on infarct size; synaptic, dendritic, and white matter damage; neuronal degeneration; apoptosis; mitochondrial function; mitochondrial fragmentation; oxidative stress; and gliosis were then assessed. Results: Prenatal PBM treatment significantly improved the survival rate of neonatal rats and decreased infarct size after HI insult. Behavioral tests revealed that prenatal PBM treatment significantly alleviated cortex-related motor deficits and hippocampus-related memory and learning dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial function and integrity were protected in HI animals treated with PBM. Additional studies revealed that prenatal PBM treatment significantly alleviated HI-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and myeloid cell/astrocyte activation. Conclusion: Prenatal PBM treatment exerts neuroprotective effects on neonatal HI rats. Underlying mechanisms for this neuroprotection may include preservation of mitochondrial function, reduction of inflammation, and decreased oxidative stress. Our findings support the possible use of PBM treatment in high-risk pregnancies to alleviate or prevent HI-induced brain injury in the perinatal period.

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“…Although the intracellular generation of ROS per se is an inevitable process, cells possess numerous defense systems to counter it. Furthermore, ROS are known to play numerous physiological roles under health conditions including the regulation of cell proliferation, growth factor receptor signaling, and intercellular communication (268). ROS overproduction under certain pre-morbid or morbid scenarios acts as a silent destructive influence that overcomes cell detoxification mechanisms and engenders and/or amplifies multiple molecular damage nodes.…”

Section: The Role Of Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Alzheimer Disease Pathology: A Review

et al. 2020

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Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation

Cited by 82 publications

References 311 publications

Interaction Between Genetic Variants and Serum Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease

Interaction Between Genetic Variants and Serum Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease

Effects of prenatal photobiomodulation treatment on neonatal hypoxic ischemia in rat offspring

Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Alzheimer Disease Pathology: A Review

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