Mitochondria (and other cytoplasmic structures) in tissue cultures

Lewis, Margaret Reed; Lewis, W. Arthur

doi:10.1002/aja.1000170304

Cited by 275 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The data suggested (P ϭ 0.06) that safranin O is the most potent azine dye against both the D6 and the W2 clones of P. falciparum; safranin O also had the highest antimalarial selectivity. The azo azine dye Janus green B, a known mitochondrial poison (11,35), was as active as safranin O against the D6 clone, but it was an order of magnitude more potent against both the W2 clone and the SN isolate, which suggests that the mechanisms of drug resistance to Janus green B, chloroquine, and mefloquine are dissimilar. Previous work (7,18,21) demonstrated that Janus green B is not cross-resistant with chloroquine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Antimalarial dyes revisited: xanthenes, azines, oxazines, and thiazines

Vennerstrom

Makler

Angerhofer

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

202

129

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In 1891 Guttmann and Ehrlich (P. Guttmann and P. Ehrlich, Berlin Klin. Wochenschr. 28:953-956, 1891) were the first to report the antimalarial properties of a synthetic, rather than a natural, material when they described the clinical cure of two patients after oral administration of a thiazine dye, methylene blue. Since that time, sporadic reports of the antimalarial properties of several xanthene and azine dyes related to methylene blue have been noted. We report here the results from a reexamination of the antimalarial properties of methylene blue, Janus green B, and three rhodamine dyes and disclose new antimalarial data for 16 commercially available structural analogs of these dyes. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for the chloroquinesusceptible D6 clone and SN isolate and the chloroquine-resistant W2 clone of Plasmodium falciparum were determined by the recently described parasite lactate dehydrogenase enzyme assay. No cross-resistance to chloroquine was observed for any of the dyes. For the 21 dyes tested, no correlation was observed between antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity against KB cells. No correlation between log P (where P is the octanol/ water partition coefficient) or relative catalyst efficiency for glucose oxidation and antimalarial activity or cytotoxicity was observed for the dyes as a whole or for the thiazine dyes. The thiazine dyes were the most uniformly potent structural class tested, and among the dyes in this class, methylene blue was notable for both its high antimalarial potency and selectivity.In 1891 Guttmann and Ehrlich (25) were the first to report the antimalarial properties of a synthetic, rather than a natural, material when they described the clinical cure of two patients after oral administration of a thiazine dye, methylene blue. The only side effect that they noted was a ''spastic irritation of the bladder,'' which was partially alleviated by the administration of powdered nutmeg. They selected methylene blue because it had been previously demonstrated by Celli and Guarnieri to specifically stain plasmodia (25) and also because Ehrlich and Leppmann had prior experience in the therapeutic use of this dye in the successful clinical treatment of neuralgias (32). Guttmann and Ehrlich (25) apparently made no further attempt to pursue this interesting observation, although as late as 1956, Dale (14), in his introduction to The Collected Papers of Paul Ehrlich, noted that ''methylene blue itself has there [in the Balkan countries] retained a fairly extensive use, for the treatment of malaria in cases which have been found refractory to quinine.'' Moreover, methylene blue, along with quinine, served as structural prototypes (48) which led to the subsequent development of the 8-aminoquinoline pamaquine and the 9-aminoacridine mepacrine (quinacrine) in 1925 and 1930, respectively (Fig. 1).In the past decade, sporadic reports (7,18,19,21,27) of the antimalarial properties of several xanthene (rhodamines 123, 6G, and B) and azine (Janus green B) dyes related to methylene blue ha...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Antimalarial dyes revisited: xanthenes, azines, oxazines, and thiazines

Vennerstrom

Makler

Angerhofer

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

202

129

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“…In contrast, other mitochondrial filaments that were located nearby were not affected . Thus, mitochondrial coupling is a dynamic process, and time lapse recordings of single labeled mitochondria demonstrating fusion and fission of the various mitochondrial structures can be observed occasionally under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions (De Vos et al, 2005;Lewis and Lewis, 1914;Müller et al, 2005). For example, hypoxic conditions were found to promote the fusion of mitochondria (Bereiter-Hahn, 1990).…”

Section: Mitochondrial Organization and Clusteringmentioning

confidence: 40%

Optical and pharmacological tools to investigate the role of mitochondria during oxidative stress and neurodegeneration

Foster

Galeffi

Gerich

et al. 2006

Progress in Neurobiology

164

135

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Mitochondria are critical for cellular ATP production; however, recent studies suggest that these organelles fulfill a much broader range of tasks. For example, they are involved in the regulation of cytosolic Ca 2+ levels, intracellular pH and apoptosis, and are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Various reactive molecules that originate from mitochondria, such as ROS, are critical in pathological events, such as ischemia, as well as in physiological events such as long-term potentiation, neuronal-vascular coupling and neuronal-glial interactions. Due to their key roles in the regulation of several cellular functions, the dysfunction of mitochondria may be critical in various brain disorders. There has been increasing interest in the development of tools that modulate mitochondrial function, and the refinement of techniques that allow for real time monitoring of mitochondria, particularly within their intact cellular environment. Innovative imaging techniques are especially powerful since they allow for mitochondrial visualization at high resolution, tracking of mitochondrial structures and optical real time monitoring of parameters of mitochondrial function. Among the techniques discussed are the uses of classic imaging techniques such as rhodamine-123, the highly advanced semi-conductor nanoparticles (quantum dots), and wide field microscopy as well as high-resolution multi-photon imaging. We have highlighted the use of these techniques to study mitochondrial function in brain tissue and have included studies from our laboratories in which these techniques have been successfully applied.

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“…The results of Logan and Leaver indicate that the shape of mitochondria is varied depending on the cell type (Logan and Leaver, 2000). As early as 1914, the mitochondrial shape was studied with simple bright field microscope (Lewis and Lewis, 1914). Since then there have been numerous studies investigating mitochondrial polymorphism and physiology.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 42%

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of Mung Beanleaves

Chen

Liu

2009

Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 3

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Abstract:Recently, confocal microscope has become a routine technique and indispensable tool for cell biological studies and molecular investigations. The light emitted from the point out-of-focus is blocked by the pinhole and can not reach the detector, which is one of the critical features of the confocal microscope. In present studies, the probes acridine orange (AO) and rhodamine-123 were used to research stoma and mitochondria of mung bean leaves, respectively. The results indicated that the stomatal guard cells and mitochondria were clearly seen in epidermic tissue of mung bean leaves. Taken together, it is a good method to research plant cells with confocal microscope and fluorescence probes.

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Mitochondria (and other cytoplasmic structures) in tissue cultures

Cited by 275 publications

References 28 publications

Antimalarial dyes revisited: xanthenes, azines, oxazines, and thiazines

Antimalarial dyes revisited: xanthenes, azines, oxazines, and thiazines

Optical and pharmacological tools to investigate the role of mitochondria during oxidative stress and neurodegeneration

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of Mung Beanleaves

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