Mitigation of Uncertainties in Wind-Powered Renewable Systems for Environmental Assets

Abstract

Today the greatest global needs include the acquisition of more affordable, sustainable, clean, and natural sources of electricity since the extraction process when generating power using fossil fuels not only stimulates cost-dependency of domestic and imported fuels but also creates drastic pollution and contamination leading to CO 2 emissions. Among the natural resources of electricity, wind power is a commercially proven and rapidly growing power generator that provides clean and cost-effective electricity. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has determined that 18% of global power will be sponsored by wind by 2050; that figure is 2.6% today [1][2][3][4][5][6].Most wind turbines today use a variable speed drive system. As its reliability overcomes the fixed speed operating wind turbine by its extra energy capturing ("real power"), improvements in power quality, gearless mechanisms, and thereby fault rates are reduced. Also, the fixed speed wind turbine cannot operate at higher efficiencies across a range of wind speeds [7][8]. In Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 26, No. 1 (2017), 253-266 Original Research Mitigation of Uncertainties in AbstractProgress in semiconductor technology in recent decades has been continuously innovative regarding renewable application. This paper presents fluctuationless output and increased energy captured by a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind turbine system (VSWTS) through a composite action of peak power tracking (PPT) controllers in a closed-loop control of turbine speed and boost converter. Though the sensorless control of tip speed ratio (TSR) is preferred at most, incorporation of the high-speed digitized wind gauge replaces the complexity in the closed-loop drive of the turbine generator. The proposed concept includes control over solid-state converters (SSC) to eliminate switched-mode harmonics and thus DC link voltage is maintained at all levels. Fluctuations on the load side can be eliminated with a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. The circuit simulation proclaims PMSG voltage and boost voltage for different wind velocities to ensure real power control through optimal wind turbine speed and reactive power control through stabilized output voltage. Our investigation was performed on a 0.5 kW wind turbine generator and converter module to ensure the synchronized reactive power control at both SSC stages. Comparative test results were taken pertaining to the above discussion, which validates the performance of the proposed system in its typical area of application.

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