Mitigation of salinity impact in spearmint plants through the application of engineered chitosan-melatonin nanoparticles

Residual efficiency of iron-nanoparticles and different iron sources on growth, and antioxidants in maize plants under salts stress: life cycle study

“…2 A–D). Similarly, Manaa et al [ 43 ] and Gohari et al [ 37 ] demonstrated that prolonged exposure to salt stress causes some morphological changes in chloroplasts such as swollen thylakoids, accumulation of starch granules and plastoglobuli and disrupted envelope in Chenopodium quinoa and Thellungiella salsuginea . Salt stress-induced morphological changes in stomata and mesophyll cells would alter intracellular CO 2 and leaf-level CO 2 flux [ 44 ].…”

“…Photosynthetic pigments and proteins play a key role in performing foliar gas exchange, whole-plant growth, and crop performance by harvesting light energy into chemical energy [ 37 [ [65] , [68] , [69] ]]. Salt-affected soils are deficient in micronutrients as high pH decreases their availability after reaction with ions including Na, Cl, and SO 4 2− [ [5] , [67] ].…”

Chitosan-Enclosed Menadione Sodium Bisulfite as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Enhance Biostimulant Properties against Drought

“…35 Overall, our results revealed that plants treated with MSB-loaded Nps could perform better during the water deficit period, which finds a good correlation with the few reports regarding the encapsulation of biostimulants using chitosan. 26,46 The results indicate the synergistic effect shown after encapsulation, which is probably due to a better MSB assimilation of the plant, possibly enhanced for an efficient interaction taking place between chitosan and vegetal tissues, increasing the MSB protective effect over the entire water-deficit stress period. However, more research is needed to clarify how the encapsulated treatment can increase the effect compared to the use of the free compound.…”

Encapsulation with Natural Polymers to Improve the Properties of Biostimulants in Agriculture

“…Chitosan particles have also been used to improve plant fertilization [ 108 ], demonstrating how chitosan-enclosed fertilizers are capable of increasing maize crop yield [ 109 , 110 ]. Chitosan as an encapsulation material has been studied to include biostimulants, demonstrating how encapsulation utilization can be interesting to increase melatonin biostimulant properties against salinity [ 111 ]. In addition, using chitosan to perform as nanoparticles that enclose gibberellic acid is capable of improving tomato plant productivity by 77% [ 30 ].…”