Mitigation of Over-Frequency through Optimal Allocation of BESS in a Low-Inertia Power System

Masood, Nahid‐Al; Shazon, Md. Nahid Haque; Ahmed, Hasin Mussayab; Deeba, Shohana Rahman

doi:10.3390/en13174555

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…As a result, frequency of the power-exporting area can increase and even cross the safety limits [37]. In that case, ESS will be charged to absorb the surplus active power [40]. Thus, the proposed methodology can resolve over frequency issue in renewable dominated grids.…”

Section: B Applicability Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Utilization of Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Response Adequacy of a Low Inertia Power Grid

et al. 2021

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The utilization of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) for improving the frequency response of a low inertia power system is investigated in this article. Substantial wind power penetration is causing the replacement of conventional synchronous generators in several power systems. Variable speed wind machines traditionally do not contribute to frequency regulation without additional control strategy. As a result, a wind dominated power grid may have inadequate inertia and governor responsive reserve. In such situation, a large contingency may yield undesirable Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) and frequency deviation. To overcome this problem, deployment of ESS, namely, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be a worthwhile solution. Since these devices are costly, their appropriate sizing and operational approach are crucial. Therefore, in this paper, analytical expressions are derived to find the minimum ratings of SMES and BESS. To this end, system frequency deviation, ROCOF, inertial response and governor response are taken into account. Also, a coordinated operational strategy is proposed to retain frequency response adequacy and minimize under frequency load shedding where SMES is triggered when system ROCOF supersedes a certain limit and BESS is activated due to system frequency surpassing a preset threshold. The performance of the proposed strategy is explored in a low inertia network under substantial wind penetration considering several different wind penetration levels. Also, the results are validated against two existing approaches. Simulation results reveal that the proposed methodology considerably enhances the frequency response in various operating conditions.

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Section: B Applicability Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Utilization of Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Response Adequacy of a Low Inertia Power Grid

et al. 2021

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“…In 2016 the applications of unified STATCOM-Fuel cells for improving the transient stability of power systems were reviewed in Morris et al (2016). In 2018 the authors Pertl, Weckesser and Rezkalla reviewed the conventional and renewable-based methods for improving the transient stability in power systems (Masood et al, 2020). The applications of FACTS for improving power quality in smart grids with renewable energy systems were reviewed by Gandoman et al (2018).…”

Section: Voltage Stability In Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified Power Flow Controller: A Brief Review on Tuning and Allocation for Power System Stability

Sule

2023

ejtas

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The Power System can become unstable due to disturbances. To enhance system stability the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is tuned and allocated in the System. In this paper, a brief review of UPFC tuning and allocation studies for power systems stability is presented. The databases consulted for literature are the IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and IOP Publications. The search terms used are Allocation, Tuning, UPFC, Power System and Stability to find the literature used in this review. A total of 26 Journal articles and conference papers were found and reviewed based on tuning and allocation studies. The Researchers applied Fuzzy coordination, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Linear Quadratic Tracker (LQT) to tune the UPFC for enhancing power system stability. For studies on UPFC allocation in power systems, the Researchers applied frequency response of power system transfer function, power flow, Tabu Search (TS), PSO and GA. For allocation based on optimization, the Researchers minimized power losses, voltage index and investment costs considering equality and inequality constraints.

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“…In situations when a loss of generation causes a drop in frequency and a rapid decrease in load causes a rise in frequency [6]. Both can result in the withdrawal of some generating sources by over-frequency or under-frequency protection mechanisms, which in turn causes inadequate functioning of the power system, which can result in a blackout of the system [7], [8].…”

Section: Introduction a Background And Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Frequency Regulation of a Wind-Integrated Power System Based on a PD-PIDA Controlled STATCOM Tuned by the Artificial Rabbits Optimizer

Neamah,

AbuHussein,

Hossam-Eldin

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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In this research, a novel optimized Proportional-Derivative with Proportional-Integral-Derivative-Acceleration (PD-PIDA) driven static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is proposed with the goal of improving the frequency performance of power systems through the manipulation of reactive power. When there is a variation in load or when there is a failure of generation, the presented controller is able to maintain the frequency of the system within the allowable limits (±2% as per IEC 60034-1 standard). A recently developed metaheuristic optimization strategy known as the Artificial Rabbits Optimizer, or ARO, is used to do the fine-tuning the PD-PIDA controller's gain settings. In addition to this, the functionality of the ARO-based PD-PIDA-controlled STATCOM is evaluated in the context of two IEEE standard systems: the two-area four-machine system (Kundur system) and the New England IEEE 39-bus system. According to the outcomes, the ARO-based PD-PIDA controller can give a superior frequency response than the PIDA controller whose parameters are optimized by Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) that was published in the prior literature. This was determined by comparing the two controllers. In addition, the proposed controller's resiliency is tested by integrating case studies with wind generation. This helps to ensure that the controller is fit for purpose. In every single one of the examples that were researched, the application of the ARO-based PD-PIDA-controlled STATCOM resulted in a remarkable boost in the frequency performance. Additionally, the outputs are introduced in the form of time domain simulations that were carried out with MATLAB/SIMULINK.

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Mitigation of Over-Frequency through Optimal Allocation of BESS in a Low-Inertia Power System

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Exploring the Utilization of Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Response Adequacy of a Low Inertia Power Grid

Exploring the Utilization of Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Response Adequacy of a Low Inertia Power Grid

Unified Power Flow Controller: A Brief Review on Tuning and Allocation for Power System Stability

Improvement of Frequency Regulation of a Wind-Integrated Power System Based on a PD-PIDA Controlled STATCOM Tuned by the Artificial Rabbits Optimizer

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