Mitigation of optical crosstalk in Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays for lidar

Aull, Brian F.; Collins, Michael J.; Donlan, Kevan; Ciampi, Joseph; Punjiya, Meera; McIntosh, Alexander; Ryu, Kevin; Woods, D.

doi:10.1117/12.2618169

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Avalanche photodiode (APD) technologies often implement a microlens array (MLA) hybridized to the detector array in order to boost signal strength. [1][2] While many research efforts aim to increase detection efficiency [3][4][5][6][7][8], little are focused on examining the coupling efficiency of the MLA exclusively. One such area of improvement lies in the alignment and attachment of these two chips.…”

Section: Motivation and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscope design for direct optical characterization of various microlens technologies

Kranefeld,

Carlson,

Nothern

et al. 2024

Photonic Instrumentation Engineering XI

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Microlens arrays (MLA) are a critical component of avalanche photodiode (APD) technology, but their performance is rarely characterized or investigated independent of the photodetector. To understand how best to improve coupling, the MLA must be characterized and compared to other technologies on a fair and consistent basis. In order to investigate new designs and compare different types of microlens technologies, a custom microscope was built. This microscope was designed to image the MLA surface as well as its focused beam which required solutions to the following challenges: 6axis manipulation of the sample, sub-micron positional resolution, perpendicular travel to the optical axis, brightfield imaging, multispectral imaging, image processing, uniform irradiance over the sample area, and calibrated absolute optical power measurements. This microscope design enables the focal length range to be mapped with sub-micron accuracy along the paraxial ray. The imaged beam spot is quantitatively analyzed in MATLAB for 1/e 2 diameter and encircled energy, as well as qualitatively with complementary data sets. It was shown that Fresnel lens and plano-convex refractive MLA designs from various material groups could be compared equally in a side-by-side comparison.

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