Mitigation of odor causing emissions—Bench-scale investigation

Abstract

Emissions of malodors are considered to be the greatest threat to the compost industry. In work presented here, several simple odor mitigation alternatives were investigated for their effectiveness in preventing the release of common odorants, such as terpenes, ammonia, and reduced sulfur compounds. The mitigation methods studied included the use of a blanket of finished compost, compost amendment mixed within the feedstock, odor neutralizing agents (ONAs), and oxygen release compounds (ORCs). Among the mitigation alternatives investigated in this study, the use of finished compost as a blanket and finished compost as an amendment yielded the most conclusive and significant results. Both of these alternatives yielded a substantial emission reduction for terpenes, ammonia, and reduced sulfur compounds. The application of finished compost blanket resulted in up to 95% reduction of terpene and 25% reduction of ammonia emissions. Blending the feedstock with finished compost also provided substantial reduction of terpene emissions ranging from 73.6 to 93.1% at the 24% blending ratio, and up to 85% ammonia reduction a the 35% blending ratio. Use of finished compost also provided 75% lower reduced sulfur compound emissions at the 12% blending ratio. Misting and application of odor neutralizing agents did not result in any consistent reduction in emissions for any of the odorous compounds tested.Implications: The odor emissions from composting are often considered to be the biggest threat to composting facilities. Because most facilities cannot afford enclosures and contained composting vessels, there is a need to inexpensively and effectively control the odor emissions from composting facilities. The findings of this research can lead the way for efforts to control odor easily and cost effectively. In fact, the application of a compost blanket for odor control is already gaining acceptance by the composting industry.

Assessment of compost maturity by using an electronic nose

“…The amount and type of emissions depends on a number of variables; the type and mix of feedstocks determine the molecules available for biochemical reactions, and their proportions. Feedstocks are considered the most important factor in determining what particular intermediate and potentially compounds develop Büyüksönmez et al, 2012). Additional managing factors such as temperature, O 2 levels, humidity, pH and duration of composting are also of significance (Akdeniz et al, 2010;Blazy et al, 2014;Büyüksönmez and Evans, 2007;Delgado-Rodríguez et al, 2012b;Romain et al, 2005).…”